Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CVPR > CVPR Week 5: Basics of lung cancer > Flashcards

CVPR Week 5: Basics of lung cancer Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Histologic classifications of malignant epithelial lung tumors

A

Small cell or Non-small cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Histological classifications of small cell lung cancer

3 listed

A
  • Classical small cell carcinoma
  • Large cell neuroendocrine
  • Combined
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Histological classifications of Non-small cell lung cancer

3 listed

A
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Large cell carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of adenocarcinoma

A

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adenocarcinoma cancer type

A

Non-small cell lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Combined cancer type

A

Small cell lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Large cell neuroendocrine cancer type

A

Small cell lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma cancer type

A

Non-small cell lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classical small cell carcinoma cancer type

A

Small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Large cell carcinoma cancer type

A

Non-small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma cancer type

A

Adenocarcinoma of Non-small cell lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is this system no longer clinical significant?

A
  • No longer clinically sufficient to only distinguish small cell vs Non-small cell
  • Because a minority of adenocarcinomas will have treatable genetic alterations
  • Therefore it is necessary to know if a given tumor is adenocarcinoma, so molecular testing can be performed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

More classifications of malignant epithelial lung tumors

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Small cell carcinoma: Neuroendocrine differentiation

A

Neuroendocrine differentiation (cells that receive neuronal input and subsequently release hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non-Small cell carcinoma:

A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Combined adenosquamous
  • Large cell carcinoma
    • Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
    • Large cell non-neuroendocrine carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Epithelioid (not truly epithelial)

Derived from visceral/parietal pleura (mesothelial layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Small cell carcinoma synonyms

A
  • Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
  • “Oat cell” carcinoma (old terminology)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Small cell carcinoma risk factors

A

Highly associated with smoking (“if the patient never smoked, it’s not small cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Small cell carcinoma location

A

Usually occurs centrally near large airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Small cell carcinoma: How is Neuroendocrine differentiation shown?

A
  • Cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules
  • these stain with synaptophysin, chromogranin (immunohistochemical stains)
  • This is how we “prove” the tumor has neuroendocrine differentiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Small cell carcinoma properties of growth

A
  • grows fast
  • metastisizes early
  • usually late stage at the time of discovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Small cell carcinoma treatment

A

Treated differently than Non-small cell carcinoma

  • Usually not resectable (can and do resect if low-stage, but usually not detected until late stage)
  • Different chemotherapy regimen (vs. non-small cell carcinoma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Small cell carcinoma Histological features

6 listed

A

High nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio (scant cytoplasm)

frequent necrosis and mitoses

Crush artifact

+ for synaptophysin

+ for chromogranin (IHC)

  • for squamous cell markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Identify cancer type and features

5 listed

A

Small cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Small
26
Identify cancer type and histological features 6 listed
High nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio (scant cytoplasm) frequent necrosis and mitoses Crush artifact + for synaptophysin + for chromogranin (IHC) - for squamous cell markers
27
Squamous cell carcinoma risk factors
Highly associated with smoking (similar to small cell CA, but association not quite as strong as small cell carcinoma
28
Squamous cell carcinoma location
most commonly centrally located around large airways
29
Squamous cell carcinoma histological features 6 listed
* Keratinization ("pink stuff", keratin "pearls") * Intercellular bridges (can be difficult to see) * Abundant, dense cytoplasm * No gland formation (unless mixed subtype, e.g. "Adenosquamous carcinoma") * - for neuroendocrine markers (Chromo, synapto) * + for squamous markers
30
What is this?
squamous metaplasia
31
Identify cancer type and histological features 6 listed
squamous cell carcinoma * Keratinization ("pink stuff", keratin "pearls") * Intercellular bridges (can be difficult to see) * Abundant, dense cytoplasm * No gland formation (unless mixed subtype, e.g. "Adenosquamous carcinoma") * - for neuroendocrine markers (Chromo, synapto) * + for squamous markers
32
Identify cancer type and histological features 6 listed
Squamous cell carcinoma * Keratinization ("pink stuff", keratin "pearls") * Intercellular bridges (can be difficult to see) * Abundant, dense cytoplasm * No gland formation (unless mixed subtype, e.g. "Adenosquamous carcinoma") * - for neuroendocrine markers (Chromo, synapto) * + for squamous markers
33
Adenocarcinoma Risk factors 3 listed
* Most common cancer in never-smokers * Not highly associated with smoking (but smoking does increase risk) * Most common lung malignancy in women
34
Adenocarcinoma location
* Usually occurs peripherally (vs small cell and squamous cell which ten to occur centrally)
35
Adenocarcinoma properties of growth
Grows slower than squamous cell but metastasizes earlier
36
Adenocarcinoma histological features​ 5 listed
* Abundant cytoplasm that is foamy (vs the dense cytoplasm of squamous cell carcinoma) and often contains mucin * Will usually show Gland formation * Multiple histologic patterns: acinar (gland-forming), papillary, lepidic (bronchioloalveolar), solid * Can be challenging to distinguish from a metastasis * Primary lung is usually + for TTF-1 (IHC)
37
Adenocarcinoma treatment 2 listed
* Can have treatable molecular aberrations, therefore must distinguish from other non-small cell carcinomas * Most common alterations in the genes EGFR and ALK
38
Identify cancer type and histological features 6 listed
adenocarcinoma
39
Identify cancer type and histological features 6 listed
Adenocarcinoma
40
Mesothelioma caveat
* Not truly epithelial ("epithelioid") so this is **NOT** a carcinoma * Is derived from the pleura of lung (visceral or parietal) * Pleura derived from embryonic mesoderm (epithelial surfaces are derived from embryonic ectoderm)
41
Pleura of the lung embryological origin
Pleura derived from embryonic mesoderm (epithelial surfaces are derived from embryonic ectoderm)
42
Mesothelioma derived from
Derived from pleura of lung (visceral or parietal)
43
Mesothelioma risk factors 2 listed
* Associated with asbestos exposure * Smoking exposure synergistic with asbestos exposure
44
Mesothelioma histological features
* The epithelioid variant can be difficult to distinguish from adenocarcinoma * Sarcomatoid variant mimics many types of sarcoma
45
Identify cancer type and histological features
46
Identify cancer type and histological features
47
Question
48
Questions
49
Questions
50
Questions
51
52
Horner syndrome
53
Question
54
Questions
55
Superior vena cava syndrome
56
Question
57
Question
58
Question
59
Question
60
Lung metastases
61
Need to watch lecture cause this PDF sucked

CVPR (93 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions