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CVPR > CVPR Week 7: Renal-Urinary Histology > Flashcards

CVPR Week 7: Renal-Urinary Histology Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Objectives

A
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2
Q

Identify

A
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3
Q

Functional parenchyma

A

Cortex > outer 1 cm, visible vessels separate from

Medulla > conical renal pyramids

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4
Q

Nephron function

A
  • Water-electrolyte balance
  • waste removal
  • Endocrine role
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5
Q

Kidney’s functional unit

A

nephron extends from the cortex to the medulla

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6
Q

Cortical portion of the nephron

A
  • Renal corpuscle (glomerulus & capsule)
  • proximal and distal convoluted tubules
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7
Q

The medullary portion of the nephron

A

loop of Henle

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8
Q

Identify

A
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9
Q

Identify

A
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10
Q

Path of blood flow in the kidney

A

afferent arteriole → glomerulus (filtration) → efferent arteriole

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11
Q

Efferent renal arteriole function

A

supplies capillary beds

  • peritubular capillaries (convoluted tubules)
  • Vasa recta (loop of Henle)
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12
Q

Identify

A

renal corpuscle

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13
Q

Identify

A

renal corpuscle

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14
Q

Vascular component of the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

Endothelial component of the renal corpuscle

A

Visceral epithelium > Podocytes (visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule)

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16
Q

Identify

A
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17
Q

Epithelial component of the renal corpuscle

A

Parietal epithelium > Parietal layer of Bowman’s Capsule

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18
Q

Foot process (pedicles)

A

Encircle capillaries, interdigitate, rest on GBM

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19
Q

Epithelium of the renal corpuscle structure

A
  • simple squamous epithelium continuous with visceral epithelium at the vascular pole, separated by Bowman’s space
  • Transitions to tall columnar epithelium at urinary (tubular pole)
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20
Q

Identify

A
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21
Q

Identify

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22
Q

Capillary endothelium description

A

Fenestrated flomerular capillary endothelium

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23
Q

Glomerular basement membrane

A

ECM proteins for adhesion and heparan sulfate for negative charge

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24
Q

Glomerular visceral epithelium organization

A

(Podocyte) filtration slits > filtration slit diapragm > pores

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25
Identify
26
Glomerular filtrate includes 9 listed
* water * glucose * amino acids * ions * urea * many hormones * vitamins B and C * ketones * very small amounts of proteins
27
Describe the glomerular filtration barrier
28
Identify
29
Identify
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The glomerular mesangium
Connective tissue cells
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The glomerular mesangium
Extraglomerular \> between afferent and efferent arterioles Intraglomerular \> base of glomerular capillary loops
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The glomerular mesangium function
* support * contractile properties * phagocytic
33
JGA AKA
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
34
JGA Macula densa \> modified DCT cells
Macula densa \> modified DCT cells * sense changes in filtrate and volume and NaCl concentration in DCT * Communicate with JG granular cells
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JGA Juxtaglomerular granular cells \> modified smooth muscle cells
* wall of afferent arteriole * release renin
36
Identify
37
Identify
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The renal tubular system function
Reabsorbs filtrate * isosmotically active and passive transport * The major site of glucose, amino acids, electrolyte, water, and protein reabsorption
39
Proximal convoluted tubule structure
* Simple cuboidal \> columnar * Dense microvillus border (brush border) * increases luminal surface area \> absorption
40
Distal convoluted tubule structure and location
simple cuboidal \> low columnar no brush border macula densa between arterioles tightly packed cells, dense nuclei merge into cortical collecting duct
41
Distal convoluted tubule function
salt absorption and movement of water to collecting duct
42
Loop of Henle structure & location
* Simple cuboidal to simple squamous regions * Descend variable distances into the medulla
43
Loop of Henle function
* urine concentration * longer loops assist in establishment of hypertonicity gradient in medullary interstitium
44
Identify
45
Collecting ducts/Tubules structure & location
Straight ducts with low cuboidal to columnar epithelium
46
Collecting ducts/Tubules function
Hormone sensitive * Aldosterone \> Na+ absorption, K+ secretion * ADH (Vasopressin) \> water passes into interstitium (without NaCl movement)
47
Storage/Collecting system of the kidneys
Minor calyx and bladder
48
Minor calyx and bladder structure
similar basic histologic structure * Mucosa * Muscularis * Adventitia/Serosa
49
Minor Calyx and bladder mucosa
* Transitional epithelium, 3-6 cell layers deep * lamina propria * loose \> dense connective tissue
50
Minor Calyx and bladder Muscularis
* 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner circular, outer longitudinal) * third layer at ureter/bladder junction
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Minor Calyx and bladder adventitia/serosa
52
Identify
53
Identify
54
Identify the visceral epithelium
55
Visceral epithelium
Podocytes are actually throughout the glomerulus but easiest to distinguish from capillary endothelial cells at the edge of a glomerular section
56
Identify the parietal epithelium of Bowman's Capsule
57
Identify Macula Densa
58
Identify parietal epithelium of Bowman's Capsule
59
What is the structure that blocks large proteins from passing between the capillary and the capsular (Bowman's space)
The glomerular basement membrane is the main barrier to protein passage
60
What cells sense changes in filtrate volume and NaCl concentration?
The Macula Densa cells are modified Distal Convoluted Tubule cells adjacent to the afferent arteriole at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle
61
Identify
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Identify
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Identify
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Identify
65
Most filtrate reabsorption occurs in the?
Proximal convoluted tubules
66
Identify and answer
67
What is the last site of renal water reabsorption from the filtrate?
The last site of water reabsorption from the filtrate is the collecting ducts
68
Identify
69
What are these?
70
Question 1
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Question 2
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Question 3
73
Question 4

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