CVPR Week 3: Pressure Volume Loops Flashcards by Jay Sandoval

Q

Objectives

A

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Q

What is a pressure volume loop?

A

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Q

The value of pressure-volume loops

A

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Q

Question 1

A

A.

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Q

Question 2

A

C.

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Question 3

A

B.

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Question 4

A

B

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Q

What is this?

A

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Q

How to create a pressure-volume loop?

A

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Q

What happens between 1 and 2?

A

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Q

What happens between 2 and 3?

A

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Q

What happens between 3 and 4?

A

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Q

What happens between 4 and 1?

A

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Q

What is stroke volume =

A

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume = SV

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Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

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Q

What is the ejection fraction?

A

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Q

What does the whole shaded area represent?

A

ventricular stroke work

Work = Force x Distance

Work = Pressure x Volume

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Q

Describe Starling’s Law of the heart

A

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Q

What is preload?

A

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Q

Preload equation

A

P(r)/2w

r = radius of sphere

w = wall thickness

preload directly proportional to pressure

Preload directly proportional to volume

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Q

End-diastolic pressure volume relationship

A

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Q

End-diastolic pressure volume relationship on a pressure volume loop

A

Q

What is afterload?

A

Q

Afterload equation

A

P(r)/2w

Afterload is directly proportional to?

Pressure or to simplify further Afterload is proportional to systemic systolic blood pressure

Preload proportionality

* preload is directly proportional to volume * preload is directly proportional to pressure

What point on a pressure-volume loop represents maximal ventricular contraction

point 3

Identify

End-systolic pressure volume relationship

ESPVR and Contractility

Review of preload, afterload and contractility?

ESPVR AKA

End-systolic pressure volume relationship

EDPVR AKA

End-diastolic pressure-volume relationship

Changing parameters: Increase preload

Changing parameters: Decrease preload

Changing parameters: Increase afterload

Changing parameters: Decrease afterload

Changing parameters: Increase contractility

Changing parameters: Decrease contractility

Pressure-volume loop: Systolic heart failure

systolic heart failure

Pressure-volume loop: Diastolic heart failure

Inotropy definition and examples

* An inotrope is an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. * Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. * Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction.

Post spinal hypotension treatment

An increase in contractility does what to the ESPVR?

steepens it

An decrease in contractility does what to the ESPVR?

flattens it or decreases it

What is afterload represented by?

Afterload is represented by the pressure seen between 2 and 3

How is contractility represented?

by the steepness of the ESPVR

What is preload represented by?

how far out (to the right) on the EDPVR we go

What is the line of contractility referring to?

The slope of the ESPVR represent?

The slope of this line represents (ΔP/ΔV) = End-systolic elastance

What is End-systolic elastance?

End-systolic elastance = (ΔP/ΔV) it is represented by the slope of the ESPVR

Label the Diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and stroke volume on a pressure-volume loop (define ejection fraction)

Elastance equation

ΔP / ΔV