Cytology

Question 1

Coined the term “cell”

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Proposed the first cell theory

Answer 2

Schleiden and Schwann

Question 3

The Cell Theory:

a. _____ _____ come from _____ _____
b. _____ _____ _____ are composed of _____
c. The _____ is the _____ structural unit of _____ _____ _____

Answer 3

a. All cells come from other cells
b. All living things are composed of cells
c. The cell is the simplest structural unit of all living things

Question 4

Part of the cell:

Outer boundary

Answer 4

Cell or plasma membrane

Question 5

Part of the cell:

Point of interactions to external environment

Answer 5

Cell or plasma membrane

Question 6

Part of the cell:

Central area

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Part of the cell:

Contains genetic cell materials

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Part of the cell:

Directs cell activities

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Part of the cell:

Between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Answer 9

Cytoplasm

Question 10

Part of the cell:

Encloses the cell

Answer 10

Cell or plasma membrane

Question 11

Part of the cell:

Supports cell contents

Answer 11

Cell or plasma membrane

Question 12

Part of the cell:

Selective barrier

Answer 12

Cell or plasma membrane

Question 13

Part of the cell:

Manage communications between cells

Answer 13

Cell or plasma membrane

Question 14

The plasma membrane is a _____ membrane

Answer 14

Semipermeable

Question 15

A mixture of liquids, solids, or gasses in which the
substances are uniformly distributed with no clear boundaries
within the substance

Answer 15

Solution

Question 16

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a solution

Answer 16

Diffusion

Question 17

The movement of solvent across a permeable membrane

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

Movement of molecules through the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 18

Simple diffusion

Question 19

Movement of molecules through transport protein

Answer 19

Facilitated diffusion

Question 20

Movement of small and non-polar particles through a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 20

Simple diffusion

Question 21

Movement of large or polar particles through a transport protein

Answer 21

Facilitated diffusion

Question 22

The force required to prevent the movement of water by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 22

Osmotic pressure

Question 23

The number of _____ particles determines the osmotic pressure

Answer 23

Solute

Question 24

Solution that has the same concentration of solute particles and the same osmotic pressure as another solution

Answer 24

Isosmotic

Question 25

Solution that has a greater concentration of solute particles and a greater osmotic pressure than another solution

Answer 25

Hyperosmotic

Question 26

Solution that has a lower concentration of solute particles and a lower osmotic pressure than another solution

Answer 26

Hypoosmotic

Question 27

Diffusion that is assisted by proteins

Answer 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 28

A cell in an isotonic solution will [shrink/rupture/maintain its size]

Answer 28

Maintain its size

Question 29

A cell in a hypotonic solution will [shrink/swell/maintain its size]

Answer 29

Swell

Question 30

A cell in a hypertonic solution will [shrink/swell/maintain its size]

Answer 30

Shrink

Question 31

Means rupture

Answer 31

Lysis

Question 32

Means shrink

Answer 32

Crenation

Question 33

Movement of ions and molecules assisted by transport proteins across a plasma membrane

Answer 33

Mediated transport

Question 34

Movement of ions and molecules by ATP

Answer 34

Active transport

Question 35

Term that describes the movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

Answer 35

Uphill

Question 36

Part of the Cell: | A membrane bound sac that surrounds substances within the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 36

Vesicle

Question 37

Movement of materials by vesicles in and out of the cell through an active process

Answer 37

Vesicular transport

Question 38

Vesicular transport of materials into the cell

Answer 38

Endocytosis

Question 39

Term for cell "eating"

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

Term for cell "drinking"

Answer 40

Pinocytosis

Question 41

Vesicular transport of materials out of the cell

Answer 41

Exocytosis

Question 42

What are the three components of cytosol?

Answer 42

Fluid portion, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic inclusion

Question 43

Dissolved ions and molecules in the cytosol

Answer 43

Solution

Question 44

Ions and molecules suspended in the cytosol

Answer 44

Colloid

Question 45

Part of the cell: | Proteins that support the cell

Answer 45

Cytoskeleton

Question 46

Part of the cell: | Hold organelles in shape

Answer 46

Cytoskeleton

Question 47

Part of the cell: | Enables cell to change shape

Answer 47

Cytoskeleton

Question 48

Part of the cell: | Assist in the process of cell division

Answer 48

Microtubules

Question 49

Part of the cell: | Forms organelles e.g. flagella, cilia, spindle fibers

Answer 49

Microtubules

Question 50

Part of the cell: | Small fibrils that form bundle or networks in the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 50

Microfilaments

Question 51

Part of the cell: | Provides ability for muscle to contract

Answer 51

Microfilaments

Question 52

Part of the cell: | Provides mechanical support of the cell

Answer 52

Intermediate microfilaments

Question 53

Part of the cell: | Chemicals that are produced by the cell

Answer 53

Cytoplasmic inclusion

Question 54

Part of the cell: | Cell structure that are specialized for functions

Answer 54

Organelles

Question 55

T/F: The nucleus has pores for passage of materials

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Part of the cell: | Part of the DNA that directs cell functions and structures

Answer 56

Genes

Question 57

Part of the cell: | Structure of nuclear DNA

Answer 57

Chromosomes

Question 58

Part of the cell: | Delicate filaments of chromosomes dispersed in the nucleus

Answer 58

Chromatin

Question 59

Each chromosome consists of _____ chromatids

Answer 59

Two

Question 60

Part of the cell: | Round nuclear body found in the nucleus with no surrounding membranes

Answer 60

Nucleolus

Question 61

Part of the cell: | Produces rRNA

Answer 61

Nucleolus

Question 62

Part of the cell: | Site where proteins are produced

Answer 62

Ribosomes

Question 63

Part of the cell: | Site where proteins are synthesized for export outside the cell

Answer 63

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 64

Part of the cell: | Site for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

Answer 64

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 65

Part of the cell: | For detoxification of chemicals within the cells

Answer 65

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 66

Part of the cell: | Collects, modifies, and distributes proteins and lipids to various locations

Answer 66

Golgi apparatus

Question 67

Part of the cell: | Small membrane bound sacs that transport materials produced by the cell outside of the cell

Answer 67

Secretory vesicles

Question 68

Part of the cell: | Have enzymes that act as an intracellular digestive system

Answer 68

Lysosome

Question 69

Part of the cell: | Involved in the inflammatory process

Answer 69

Lysosome

Question 70

Lysosome break down bone to produce _____

Answer 70

Calcium

Question 71

Part of the cell: | Membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes that breakdown fatty acids, amino acids and, hydrogen peroxide

Answer 71

Peroxisomes

Question 72

Part of the cell: | Tunnel like structure that is responsible for the breakdown and recycling of proteins within the cells

Answer 72

Proteasomes

Question 73

Part of the cell: | Bean shaped, rod shaped, thread like organelles responsible for the production of ATP

Answer 73

Mitochondria

Question 74

Part of the cell: | Specialized zone of cytoplasm that is the center for microtubule formation

Answer 74

Centrioles

Question 75

Part of the cell: | Hair like structure responsible for movement of particles outside of the cell

Answer 75

Cilia

Question 76

Part of the cell: | Responsible for movement of cell

Answer 76

Flagella

Question 77

Part of the cell: Extension of plasma membranes supported by microfilaments found in the intestines

Answer 77

Microvilli

Question 78

Method of taking cells apart and separating the major organelles from one another

Answer 78

Cell fractionation

Question 79

Used to fractionate cells into their component parts

Answer 79

Centrifuge

Question 80

``` Common to all cells: They are bound by a _____ _____ They contain a semi-fluid substance called _____ They contain _____ They all have _____ ```

Answer 80

``` Common to all cells: They are bound by a plasma membrane They contain a semi-fluid substance called cytosol They contain chromosomes They all have ribosomes ```

Question 81

_____ cells contain a true nucleus, bound by a membranous nuclear envelope

Answer 81

Eukaryotic

Question 82

_____ cell do not contain a nucleus

Answer 82

Prokaryotic

Question 83

_____ cell has organelles

Answer 83

Eukaryotic

Question 84

Prokaryotic cells have their DNA located in a region called _____

Answer 84

Nucleoid

Question 85

Plasma membrane is composed of a _____ _____

Answer 85

Lipid bilayer

Question 86

What are the three major components of a cell?

Answer 86

Cytoplasm, organelles, cytosol

Question 87

Cell shape: | Thin and flat

Answer 87

Squamous

Question 88

Cell shape: | Tall and rectangular

Answer 88

Columnar

Question 89

Cell shape: | Cubes

Answer 89

Cuboidal

Question 90

Cell shape: | Spindle-shaped

Answer 90

Fusiform

Question 91

Cell shape: | Many sides

Answer 91

Polygonal

Question 92

Cell shape: | Star-like

Answer 92

Stellate

Question 93

Cell shape: | Globular

Answer 93

Spherical

Question 94

Cell shape: | Disc-shape

Answer 94

Circular

Question 95

Cell shape: | Elongated

Answer 95

Threadlike

Question 96

Cell shape: | Long, cylindrical

Answer 96

Filamentous

Question 97

Cell shape: | Spider web

Answer 97

Spider-like

Question 98

What are the three basic bacterial shapes?

Answer 98

Coccus, bacilli, spirillum

Question 99

Bacterial shape: | Sphere-shaped

Answer 99

Coccus

Question 100

Bacterial shape: | Rod-shaped

Answer 100

Bacilli

Question 101

Bacterial shape: | Spiral-shaped

Answer 101

Spirillum

Question 102

Bacterial shape: | Streptococcus

Answer 102

Coccus

Question 103

Bacterial shape: | Lactobacillus

Answer 103

Bacilli

Question 104

Bacterial shape: | Spirillium

Answer 104

Spirillium