Virology

Question 1

Study of virus

Answer 1

Virology

Question 2

Proposed the term “virus”

Answer 2

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

Showed that a disease in tobacco was caused by a virus

Answer 3

Ivanovski and Beijerinck

Question 4

Discovered an animal virus that causes foot and mouth disease in cattle

Answer 4

Loeffler and Frosch

Question 5

T/F: Viruses can infect every type of cell

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F: Viruses can exist independently from the host cell

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Viruses are _____ _____ parasites

Answer 7

Obligate intracellular

Question 8

T/F: Viruses can multiply outside a host cell

Answer 8

False

Question 9

T/F: Viruses instruct its genetic and metabolic machinery to a host cell to make and release new viruses

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Viruses are cells

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Basic structure of a virus

Answer 11

Capsid surrounding nucleic acid core

Question 12

T/F: The nucleic acid of a virus can be DNA, RNA, or both

Answer 12

False - the nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but not both

Question 13

T/F: Viruses have high specificity for attachment to host cell

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: Viruses have enzymes for most metabolic processes

Answer 14

False - viruses lack enzymes for most metabolic processes

Question 15

T/F: Viruses lack machinery for synthesizing proteins

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F: Viruses are the smallest infectious agents

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F: Viruses are so small that they cannot be seen with an electron micrsocope

Answer 17

False - viruses can be seen with an electron microscope

Question 18

Negative staining shows what visual aspect of the virus?

Answer 18

Outline of the shape of the virus

Question 19

Positive staining shows what visual aspect of the virus?

Answer 19

Internal details

Question 20

Two components of viruses’ external coating

Answer 20

Capsid and envelope

Question 21

A virus with no envelope

Answer 21

Naked virus

Question 22

The capsid and the nucleic together are called the _____

Answer 22

Nucleocapsid

Question 23

A fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell

Answer 23

Virion

Question 24

Protective outer shell of a virus

Answer 24

Viral capsid

Question 25

The viral capsid is constructed from identical subunits called _____

Answer 25

Capsomeres

Question 26

The viral capsid is made of _____ molecules

Answer 26

Protein

Question 27

Rod-shaped capsomeres

Answer 27

Helical

Question 28

T/F: Enveloped viruses take a bit of the host cell membrane in the form of an envelope

Answer 28

True

Question 29

In the viral envelope, some or all of the regular membrane proteins are replaced with _____ proteins

Answer 29

Viral

Question 30

These proteins remain exposed as spikes (peplomers) that are essential for attachment

Answer 30

Glycoproteins

Question 31

Protects the nucleic acid

Answer 31

Viral capsid and/or envelope

Question 32

Help introduce the viral DNA or RNA into a suitable host cell

Answer 32

Viral capsid and/or envelope

Question 33

Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that can protect the host cells against future infections

Answer 33

Viral capsid and/or envelope

Question 34

Found at the core of a virus

Answer 34

Nucleic acids

Question 35

The sum total of the genetic information carried by an organism

Answer 35

Genome

Question 36

Three main criteria in classifying and naming a virus

Answer 36

Structure, chemical composition, similarities in genetic makeup

Question 37

T/F: The host cell is sometimes necessary for viral multiplication

Answer 37

False - the host cell is absolutely necessary for viral multiplication

Question 38

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Virus encounters susceptible host cells

Answer 38

Adsorption

Question 39

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Virus adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane

Answer 39

Adsorption

Question 40

In adsorption, viruses adsorb specifically to receptor sites on the host's cell membrane Because of the exact fit required, viruses have a _____ host range

Answer 40

Limited

Question 41

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Flexible cell membrane of the host is penetrated by the whole virus or its nucleic acid

Answer 41

Penetration

Question 42

Entire virus engulfed by the cell and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle

Answer 42

Endocytosis

Question 43

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Enzymes in the vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid

Answer 43

Uncoating

Question 44

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Free viral nucleic acid exerts control over the host's synthetic and metabolic machinery

Answer 44

Synthesis

Question 45

DNA viruses are replicated and assembled in the host cell's _____

Answer 45

Nucleus

Question 46

Contain information on synthesizing viral proteins

Answer 46

RNA

Question 47

RNA viruses are replicated and assembled in the host cell's _____

Answer 47

Cytoplasm

Question 48

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Mature virus particles are constructed from the growing pool of parts

Answer 48

Assembly

Question 49

Multiplication cycle in animal viruses: | Nonenveloped and complex viruses are released when the cell lyses or ruptures

Answer 49

Release

Question 50

How are enveloped viruses liberated?

Answer 50

By budding or exocytosis

Question 51

Virus-induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance

Answer 51

Cytopathic effect

Question 52

Compacted mases of viruses or damaged cell organelles

Answer 52

Inclusion bodies

Question 53

Mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors

Answer 53

Oncogenic viruses

Question 54

Viruses that remain in a chronic latent state are _____ becoming _____

Answer 54

Periodically, activated

Question 55

The effect of oncogenic viruses are called _____

Answer 55

Transformation

Question 56

Viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 56

Bacteriophage

Question 57

Viral cultivation that uses animals

Answer 57

Animal inoculation

Question 58

Viral cultivation that commonly use chicken, duck, and turkey

Answer 58

Bird embryo inoculation

Question 59

T/F: Antibiotics are effective for viral infection

Answer 59

False

Question 60

T/F: Antiviral drugs block virus replication by targeting one of the steps in the viral life cycle

Answer 60

True

Question 61

T/F: Interferon shows potential for treating and preventing viral infections

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Vaccines stimulate _____

Answer 62

Immunity