Introduction to Immunology Communicable and Infectious Diseases

Question 1

The invasion and proliferation of body tissue by microorganism

Answer 1

Infection

Question 2

A detectable alteration in normal tissue and function

Answer 2

Disease

Question 3

The ability of a microorganism to cause a disease to a host (degree of communicability)

Answer 3

Virulence

Question 4

Normal microorganism that is found in one part of the body but causes infection in other parts of the body

Answer 4

Resident flora

Question 5

Transmitted by an individual by direct or indirect contact, vector or vehicle, or as an airborne infection

Answer 5

Communicable disease

Question 6

Process wherein a strain of microorganism becomes a resident flora by growing and multiplying (do not cause a disease)

Answer 6

Colonization

Question 7

Infection in a specific part of the body

Answer 7

Local infection

Question 8

Infection that spreads to different parts of the body

Answer 8

Systemic infection

Question 9

Bacteria in the blood

Answer 9

Bacteremia

Question 10

Bacteria that cause blood poisoning

Answer 10

Septicemia

Question 11

Infection that appear suddenly or last a short time

Answer 11

Acute infection

Question 12

Infection that occur slowly over a prolonged period of time

Answer 12

Chronic infection

Question 13

Infection that occurs in a health care setting

Answer 13

Nosocomial infection

Question 14

Infection that occurs in a health care setting wherein the source comes from the patient

Answer 14

Endogenous

Question 15

Infection that occurs in a health care setting wherein the source comes from health care personnel

Answer 15

Exogenous

Question 16

Nosocomial infection that is a result of therapeutic or diagnostic procedures

Answer 16

Iatrogenic

Question 17

Individual with a decrease in defense mechanism

Answer 17

Compromised host

Question 18

Simplest way to avoid nosocomial infection

Answer 18

Hand hygiene

Question 19

Chain of infection:

Cause of infection

Answer 19

Etiologic agent

Question 20

Chain of infection:

Source of infection

Answer 20

Reservoir

Question 21

Cellular response:

First to be launched at the site of injury

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Cellular response:

Perform phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury

Answer 22

Monocytes

Question 23

Cellular response:

Responsible for immune response

Answer 23

Lymphocytes

Question 24

Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness

Answer 24

Antigen

Question 25

Protein or antigen that originates in the person's own body

Answer 25

Autoantigen

Question 26

Blood proteins that attack the antigen and render it harmless

Answer 26

Antibodies

Question 27

Immune response wherein antibodies are produced or prepared

Answer 27

Antibody mediated defense

Question 28

Antibody mediated defense wherein the body's own cells produce antibody

Answer 28

Active immunity

Question 29

Antibody mediated defense that involves injecting prepared antibodies

Answer 29

Passive immunity

Question 30

Type of passive immunity: | Passage of performed antibodies from mother to placenta

Answer 30

Natural

Question 31

Type of passive immunity: | Injecting antisera derived from immunized animals or humans

Answer 31

Artificial

Question 32

5 classes of immunoglobulins

Answer 32

G A M D E

Question 33

Class of immunoglobulin: (+) past infection (+) immunity

Answer 33

Class G

Question 34

Class of immunoglobulin: | (+) body fluid

Answer 34

Class A

Question 35

Class of immunoglobulin: | (+) current infection

Answer 35

Class M

Question 36

Class of immunoglobulin: | Role is unclear

Answer 36

Class D

Question 37

Class of immunoglobulin: | (+) in allergy, hypersensitivity, parasites

Answer 37

Class E

Question 38

Immune response wherein exposure to antigen releases activated T cells

Answer 38

Cell mediated defense

Question 39

Cells that help in the function of the immune system

Answer 39

Helper T cells

Question 40

Cells that attack and kill microorganisms and body's own tissue at times

Answer 40

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 41

Cells that help suppress the functions of the helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

Answer 41

Suppressor T cells

Question 42

Six factors increasing susceptibility to infection

Answer 42

Age, heredity, levels of stress, nutritional status, current medical therapy, preexisting disease

Question 43

Degree to which an individual can be affected

Answer 43

Susceptibility

Question 44

Five measures to reduce susceptibility

Answer 44

Hygiene, nutrition, fluid, rest and sleep, immunization

Question 45

Washing, rinsing with water and soap - to inhibit the growth of microorganism

Answer 45

Cleaning

Question 46

Use of substances on inanimate objects to inhibit the growth of microorganism

Answer 46

Disinfection

Question 47

Used on the skin to inhibit the growth of some microorganisms

Answer 47

Antiseptic

Question 48

Substance that destroys and kills bacteria

Answer 48

Bactericidal

Question 49

Substance that prevents the growth and production of some bacteria

Answer 49

Bacteriostatic

Question 50

Process that destroys all microorganisms including spores and viruses

Answer 50

Sterilization

Question 51

Method of sterilization: | Temperature is higher than boiling point

Answer 51

Moist heat

Question 52

Method of sterilization: | Effective against spores, heat-sensitive items, but toxic to humans and animals

Answer 52

Gas

Question 53

Method of sterilization: | Practical and inexpensive but spores and some viruses are not killed

Answer 53

Boiling water

Question 54

Method of sterilization: Used in industries to sterilize food and drugs, effective for items that are difficult to sterilize, but do not penetrate deeply

Answer 54

Radiation

Question 55

Precaution to prevent spread of infection

Answer 55

Isolation precaution

Question 56

Type of isolation precaution: | Condition of the patient is highly infectious

Answer 56

Strict isolation

Question 57

Type of isolation precaution: Less highly transmissible Direct contact is avoided

Answer 57

Contact isolation

Question 58

Type of isolation precaution: | Transmissible by air

Answer 58

Respiratory isolation

Question 59

Type of isolation precaution: | Tuberculosis

Answer 59

Tuberculosis isolation

Question 60

Type of isolation precaution: | From contact with feces

Answer 60

Enteric isolation

Question 61

Type of isolation precaution: | From body sites e.g. mouth, ears, eyes, nose, vagina

Answer 61

Drainage secretions isolation

Question 62

Type of isolation precaution: | Infection from body sites .eg. saliva, blood, urine, semen

Answer 62

Blood body fluids isolation

Question 63

Precaution that interferes with the spread of blood borne disease

Answer 63

Universal precaution

Question 64

Precaution on blood, body fluids, urine, feces, wound drainage, oral secretion, body products

Answer 64

Body substance isolation

Question 65

Care for all hospitalized patients

Answer 65

Standard precaution

Question 66

Transmission of droplets less than 5 microns

Answer 66

Airborne

Question 67

Transmission of droplets greater than 5 microns

Answer 67

Droplet

Question 68

Transmission by direct contact

Answer 68

Contact

Question 69

Highly susceptible to infection due to disease

Answer 69

Compromised client

Question 70

Bagging: | Place _____ articles in bags

Answer 70

Contaminated

Question 71

Linens: | Handle as _____ as possible

Answer 71

Little

Question 72

Lab specimen: | Place in ____ ____ container

Answer 72

Leak proof

Question 73

Thermometers: | _____ after use

Answer 73

Disinfect

Question 74

Needles, syringes, and sharps: | _____ resistant

Answer 74

Puncture

Question 75

Six signs of inflammation

Answer 75

``` H-eat, I-nduration, P-ain, E-dema, R-edness, Impaired function ```

Question 76

Six universal precautions

Answer 76

``` G-loves L-ather up O-rifices V-ery special handling E-veryone may be infected S-harp attention ```