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immuno med wk 2 > Cytotoxic Cell mediated immune responses > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Cell mediated immune responses Flashcards

1
Q

Before arriving at CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- cells, describe the first four cellular stages of the lymphocyte

A

Stem cell –> Double negative (CD4-/CD8-) –> Pre-T cell –> Double positive (CD4+/CD8+) –> 4 possible outcomes

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2
Q

4 possible outcomes for lymphocytes during selection

A

strongly recognize Ag-APC –> apoptosis (negative selection)

no recognition Ag-APC—> apoptosis (negative selection)

Weak recognition Ag-APCE –> CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4-

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3
Q

Where does Ag-independent maturation of the T cell occur?

A

only in the thymus

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4
Q

Thymocytes do what

A

serve as professional APCs but present BOTH MHC II and MHC I with antigens

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5
Q

activation of T cells occurs in the

A

LN

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6
Q

Langerhans cells are

A

immature DCs which do not express B7. found in the epithelia

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7
Q

When do Langerhans cells express B7?

A

in the LN

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8
Q

what kind of Langerhan cell stimulates naive T cell?

A

B7 positive

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9
Q

DCs enter the lymph node via the _____ and present AG to naive T cell located in the _______.

A

afferent lymphatic vessel

parafollicular cortex

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10
Q

CD4/CD8 cells dual function

A

1) they help FIND the right MHC
2) they help stabilize, “clip” onto the MHC

remember, CDs are signaling coreceptors

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11
Q

B7-CD28 stimulation

A

co-stimulatory that amplifies the signal

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12
Q

Signal 1 and signal 2

A

1) Ag-TCR rec
2) B7-CD28 rec
- –> proliferation of T cells specific for bacteria

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13
Q

Activated T cells secrete what to stimulate their own proliferation? The number is increased every ____ hours

A

IL-2, autocrine stimulation

doubles

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14
Q

APC presents Ag: what are the three subsequent events

A

1) Activation leads to expression of IL-2R and autocrine IL-2 signaling for proliferation
2) APC detaches before proliferation

NOTE: THEY ARE NOT DIFFERENTIATED YET

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15
Q

in what order is activation, proliferation, and differentiation in?

A

the one in the question

activation (Ag recognition, followed by IL-2R/IL-2 expression)

proliferation (brought on by IL-2 signaling)

RE-STIMULATION by Ag initiates differentiation

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16
Q

Re-stimulation is required for?
Where does re-stimulation occur?
What cell is responsible for re-stimulation?

A

differentiation
HOMING: the T cell goes to the tissue from which the Ag was presented in order to be re-stimulated by

tissue macrophages

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17
Q

Steps from naive CD4 T (uncommitted) to fully differentiated TH1/TH2 cell

A

Naive T cell (uncommitted) + Ag-APC –> Prolif. T cell

Immature effector cell (Th0) + cytokine —> Th1/Th2

18
Q

differentiation is also called

A

commitment

19
Q

restimulation leads to

A

commitment

20
Q

Microenvironment includes

A

macrophages and their secretory products

21
Q

Why is the microenvironment important

A

it controls the functional commitments of the T cells

22
Q

microenvrionment is also called the

A

cytokine field

23
Q

the presence of macs and IL-12 drives the Th0 toward
the presence of macs and IL-4 drives the Th0 toward
The absence of IL-12 drives

A

Th1
Th2
Th2, not necessarily requiring IL-4

24
Q

Costimulation 1
Costimulation 2

what does the second co-stimulation do?

A 
1 = CD28 --- B7 (APC)
2 = CD40L -- CD40 (APC)

2 increased the expression of MHC and B7

25
Q

Upregulation of what CD marker is required for B cell activation?

A

CD40L

26
Q

To recap:

Th1 —> outcomes
Th2 –> outcomes

A

Th1

1) Activates macrophages
2) B cell stimulation –> IgG –> complement and opsonization

Th2

1) stimulation of IgE via IL-4–> mast cell degranulation
2) activation of eosinophils via IL-5 (helminth fighting)

27
Q

Activation of CD8 cells is done via

A

cross presentation in the LN
DC-Ag presentation just like CD4s

activated CD8s proliferate AND THEN leave the LN

28
Q

There are three forms of CD8 activation

A

1) Stimulation+costimulation of CD8 cell without CD4 help
2) Stimulation+costimulation of CD8 with CD4 assistance
3) Stimulation+costimulation of MAC by CD4; Mac goes on to activate CD8s

29
Q

Three ways CD8 kills infected cells

A

1) Degranulation of perforin and granzyme
2) Fas-L-Fas (CD95) induced apoptosis
3) IFN-gamma activated MACs

30
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Function:

A

1) first line of defense
2) regulatory cell
3) bridging innate and adaptive responses

31
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Location

A

uterus, tongue, intestine

32
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Recognition complex

A

includes gamma-delta TCR and CD3

33
Q

What parts of the nontraditional T cell are considered adaptive and what parts are considered innate?

A

the adaptive = rearrangement of TCRs, development of a memory phenotype

the innate = uses TCR like a PRR

they dont need APCs, and they are not MHC restricted

34
Q

Slide number 28 has 6 interesting functions listed.

A 
lysis of infected cell
apc for alpha-beta t cells 
helps B cell and IgE production
dendritic cell maturation 
regulation of stromal cell via growth factor production 
cytokine/chemokine production
35
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Location

A

uterus, tongue, intestine

36
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Recognition complex

A

includes gamma-delta TCR and CD3

37
Q

What parts of the nontraditional T cell are considered adaptive and what parts are considered innate?

A

the adaptive = rearrangement of TCRs, development of a memory phenotype

the innate = uses TCR like a PRR

they dont need APCs, and they are not MHC restricted

38
Q

Slide number 28 has 6 interesting functions listed.

A 
lysis of infected cell
apc for alpha-beta t cells 
helps B cell and IgE production
dendritic cell maturation 
regulation of stromal cell via growth factor production 
cytokine/chemokine production
39
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Location

A

uterus, tongue, intestine

40
Q

(gamma-delta) T cells. Recognition complex

A

includes gamma-delta TCR and CD3

41
Q

What parts of the nontraditional T cell are considered adaptive and what parts are considered innate?

A

the adaptive = rearrangement of TCRs, development of a memory phenotype

the innate = uses TCR like a PRR

they dont need APCs, and they are not MHC restricted

42
Q

Slide number 28 has 6 interesting functions listed.

A 
lysis of infected cell
apc for alpha-beta t cells 
helps B cell and IgE production
dendritic cell maturation 
regulation of stromal cell via growth factor production 
cytokine/chemokine production

immuno med wk 2 (27 decks)

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