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D-exam 5 presentations Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Sleep
restores
protiem
psych

A

Restores normal activity and balance among parts of nervous system

Protein synthesis, which allows repairs to occur

Psychological and emotional rest

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2
Q

Stages of sleep
circ
nrem

A

circadian rythmm- physcial mental behavioral changes in 24 hrs

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)
Stage I-closed,easy to wake up, lasts 5-10mins
Stage II-hr slows,temp drops, light sleep,10-25mins
Stage III-deep sleep stage
Stage IV

– Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

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3
Q

Sleep Disorders Parasomnias
somna
sleeo
nightmares
bruxism
enuresis
eat

A

Somnambulism (sleep walking)

–Sleep terrors

Nightmares

Bruxism (teeth grinding)

Enuresis (bed-wetting)

Sleep-related eating disorde

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4
Q

Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias
insomnia
hypersomnia
narcolspesy

A

Insomnia-trouble falling, staying or getting good sleep

Hypersomnia-excessive sleepiness-sleep longer then normal at night or daytime sleepiness

Narcolepsy-sleep disorder that daytime sleepiness

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5
Q

Sleep disorder Sleep Apnea

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA

occurs when your breathing is interrupted during sleep, for longer than 10 seconds at least 5 times per hour

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6
Q
  • Sleep Disorders Other
A

Restless Leg Syndrome

  • Sleep Deprivation
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7
Q

hrs of sleep per age

infant

toddler

preschooler

school age

teenager

adult

A

infant-12-15

toddler-11-14

preschooler-11-13

school age(6-11)-9-11

teenager-8-10

adult-7-9

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8
Q

sleep assessment

A

Sleep History

Health History

Physical Exam

Sleep Diary

Diagnostic Studies
– Polysomnography
– EEG

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9
Q

*Nursing Interventions sleep

A

“Preparing a Restful Environment”

Sleep hygiene

Bedtime rituals

Create a restful environment

Promote comfort and relaxation

Education about rest and sleep

– Hospital setting:
Minimize disturbances
Use of meds to promote sleep

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10
Q

Sleep Medications

A

Sedative-Hypnotic

Benzodiazepine/non-BZD
– zolpidem

Anti-Anxiety

Anti-Depressants

Antihistamines
– doxepin

Melatonin
– ramelteon

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11
Q

PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT
skeletal
muscular
nervous

A

Skeletal System… framework of bones, joints between them, and cartilage

Muscular System… composed of 3 types of muscles
*Skeletal
*Cardiac
*Smooth/Visceral

Nervous System… allows skeletal and muscular system to function

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12
Q

NORMAL MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT

A

Body Alignment or Posture

Balance

Coordinated Body Movement

Postural Reflexes

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13
Q

EXERCISE-muscle contraction
istonic
isometric
isokinetic

A

isotonic-same tension-weight on muscles stays same-involve rom- aerobic activities like walking swimming

Isometric-same length-a muscle contraction without changing length-planks wall sits

Isokinetic-speed remains constant,but resistance varies-uses exercise machines-used after injury to regain strength

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14
Q

EXERCISE body movements

A

Aerobic-hr and oxygen-running

Stretching

Strength/Endurance

Movement & ADLS

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15
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS movements

A

Promoting Exercise…AROM / PROM

Encouraging independence with ADL’s

Assisting with ambulation / movement

  • Safe transfers
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16
Q

BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

A

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Musculoskeletal

Metabolic/Endocrine

GI

GU

Skin

Psychosocial

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17
Q

EFFECTS OF IMMOBILITY

A

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Musculoskeletal

Metabolic

GI

GU

Skin

Psychosocial

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18
Q

Nursing Assessment oxygenation

A

Physical Assessment Respiratory/Cardiac/Integumentary
CRT
Vitals
Labs

Medications

Health History
Current
Cough? Productive?
Dyspnea? Fever? Fatigue?

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19
Q

Factors Affecting Cardiopulmonary
Functioning and Oxygenation

A

Level of health
Acute and Chronic illnesses

Obstructed airway

Developmental considerations

Medication

Lifestyle

Environmental

Psychological

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20
Q

Diagnostic Testso2

A

ECG-record of cardiac activity

capnography- carbon dioxide levels in expired gas

thoracentesis- Procedure to aspirate pleural fluid, air, or both

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21
Q

Diagnostic Tests (Pulmonary)

A

Pulmonary Function Tests

Incentive Spirometry

Peak Flow Meter

Pulse Oximetry

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22
Q

Promoting Optimal Functioning oxygenation

A

Healthy Lifestyle

Vaccinations

Reducing Anxiety

Good Nutrition

Fluid Intake

Humidified Air

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23
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing

A

Incentive Spirometer

Pursed Lip Breathing

Chest Physiotherapy

  • Medications
    Expectorants
    Suppressants
    Antihistamines
    Nebulizers & Inhaler
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24
Q

Promoting Oxygenation

supplemental
artifical
mechanical

A

Supplemental Oxygen

CPAP/BiPAP

Artificial Airway
Endotracheal vs. Tracheostomy

Mechanical Ventilation

Chest Tubes
Pleural Effusions
Pneumothorax

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25
What is Cultural Diversity?
Coexistence of different ethnic, biological sex, racial, and socioeconomic groups Religion Language Physical Size Sexual Orientation Age Disability Occupational Status Geographical Location
26
Why is Cultural Diversity Important?
Provides improved provider-patient communication Lack of understanding may cause inconsistency in care discrimination limits access to care prevents health care team members from providing quality care
27
Cultural Definitions bias sterotyping prejudice ethnocentrism assimillation
Bias-unfair prejudice in favor of or against one thing Stereotyping-to believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same Prejudice-preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Ethnocentrism-evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture. Cultural Assimilation (acculturation)--when immigrant groups are encouraged to “adopt the culture, values, and social behaviors of their host nation
28
Cultural Competence
Be aware of your own culture Be accepting and respectful of cultural differences Be understanding of the patient’s culture, health-related needs, and the meaning of health and illness Be able to adapt care to be congruent with the patient’s culture Be open and comfortable with cultural encounters
29
*Communication Style
Verbal Communication Translator Interpreter “Cultural Broker” Non-Verbal Communication Touching Eye contact Space orientation Time orientation Nutritional patterns
30
Common Healthcare Concerns among Various Populations asain muslim adventist hispanic Jehovah witness
Asian Respect, Emotional Self-Control, Balance (Yin “cold”/Yang “Hot”) Muslim Fasting, Prayer, Modesty, Pork and Alcohol are prohibited Adventist Holistic approach to health, Narcotics/Stimulants are prohibited Hispanic Family, Catholic beliefs Jehovah’s Witness Alcohol/tobacco is discouraged, blood transfusions are prohibited
31
types of loss actual perceives anticiptory
actual loss-can be recognized by others perceived loss-intangible loss, unrecognized by others anticipatory loss-yet to take place
32
grief
Internal emotional reaction to loss due to separation or death. May express physical, emotional, social, or spiritual grief
33
dysfunctional grief
Abnormal or distorted grief. May be unresolved or inhibited. May have troubles expressing their feelings of loss or deny them. Extends over a lengthy period
34
mourning
Outward expressions of grief. Actions or expressions of grief, including symbols and ceremonies
35
bereavement
State of grieving due to the loss of a loved one
36
Stages of Grieving
Kubler-Ross Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
37
Factors Affecting Grief Response
Age/ Developmental Culture and religion Gender Socioeconomic Support systems Cause of death
38
Signs/Symptoms of Dying
Irregular Heart Rate Resp (Cheyne -Stokes) Decreased Input & Output Decreased LOC Decreased Temperature & Blood Pressure Increased Restlessness Mottling Cyanosis Incontinence
39
Signs/Symptoms of Death
Absence of Respirations, BP and Pulse No response to stimuli Absence of reflexes
40
end of life care
Actively listen- being fully ‘present’ Therapeutic communication (make sure to consider culture) Touch Comforting actions Music Massage Privacy
41
Hospice Care
Promotes quality of life instead of treatment Life-expectancy of 6 month or less to live Comfort care Reduce Stress Symptoms relief related to serious illness Physical and psychosocial relief
42
Palliative Care
Occurs at the same time as curative treatment Any stage of the disease Comfort care Reduce Stress Symptoms relief related to serious illness Physical and psychosocial relief Care for body, mind, spirit, heart and soul
43
Legalities Related to Death & Dying
Advanced Directives Living Will Durable Power of Attorney Voluntary Cessation of Eating/Drinking Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Active/Passive Euthanasia Death Certificate/Autopsy
44
Post-Mortem Care
Rigor mortis Usually occurs 4 hours after death Muscle stiffness/contraction Care of body & family Organ donation Funeral Home
45
adventist beliefs select practices (no/saturday/approach)
believe in persons choice/body is temple no narcotics/stimulants Saturday is sabbath approach to healthcare is holistic
46
muslim beliefs select practices(obtain/prayer/no/hygiene/faitful)
Koran is sacred obtain health care from black community prayer rituals no pork or alcohol hygiene faithful marriages
47
buddhism beliefs select practices(looks/accepts/no/check)
buddha and 4 noble truths-human suffering is due to craving looks to buddha for answers accepts modern science no taking lives check if any diet restrictions
47
bahai beliefs select practices(seek/prayers/no)
Belive in science and religion seek out competent medical care and pray for health prayers/holy days/19 day fasts no sterilization or abortions
48
Christian scientist beliefs select practices(declines/no/practictioner/no)
all illness is due to human mind-no meds declines meds no hypnotism or therapy practionor may be called no alchohol or tobacco
49
mormons beliefs select practices(avoid/Joseph/3)
many do not seek medical therapy avoid coffee and tea Joseph smith saw god 3 months of food on hand
50
confucianism beliefs select practices(appreciates/emphasized)
appreciation of life and desire to keep body from untimely to unnecasry death apprecaites life emphasized public health solutions to impending health problems
51
doaism beliefs select practices(knowing/long)
health is manifestation of harmony of universe knowing and living a natural life is secret to health and sagehood long tradition of seeking medical techniques
52
hinduism beliefs select practices(medicine/diets/avoid/cremation)
moral factors linked to karma medicine open to new idea diets are individual avoid the lips cremation
53
islam beliefs select practices(obligatory/koran/women)
allah is all powerful obligatory prayers/ holy days/fasting/almsigivng koran law influence everything some women not allowed to make decisions
54
jehovhas witness beliefs select practices(no/no/courts)
opposition to false teachings including medicine no blood tranfusions no alcohol or tobacco courts do not supports parents refusing lifesaving treatment for kids
55
judaism beliefs select practices (treatment special)
formation to god.hebrew bible treatment should not be schedules on sabbath special needs in areas od diet, birth,male female contact and death
56
native Americans beliefs select practices--rituals, medicine,theraputic
no real generalization-death is beginning of new life rituals mark impooratn life changes, birth,puberty, iniation, death medicine men and women have special spirits Theraputic measures-sucking,blowing,feather pen.
57
Protestantism beliefs select practices(religious /sacraments/modern)
worship god but take modern medical stance religious practices vary sacreaments-baptism,communion and confirmation
58
roman catholic beliefs select practices(mass/seven/diet/sexual/natural)
worship god mass on Sunday seven sacramanets dietary habits sexual ethnicity norms natural ways of birth-no abortion or sterilazion
59
Sikhism beliefs select practices(Kesh/kara/removing/sexual/same)
creating new world order based on equality and social justice for all Kesh-uncut hair for all Kara-steel handle worn on wrist removing turban without permission is insult sexual activity only with marraige same sex doctor and nurse
60
unitarian beliefs select practices
encourage creativity reason and living to an ethical life free to accept what is best for Their health

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