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d- Fundamentals > D-exam 5 presentations > Flashcards

D-exam 5 presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Sleep
restores
protiem
psych

A

Restores normal activity and balance among parts of nervous system

Protein synthesis, which allows repairs to occur

Psychological and emotional rest

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2
Q

Stages of sleep
circ
nrem

A

circadian rythmm- physcial mental behavioral changes in 24 hrs

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)
Stage I-closed,easy to wake up, lasts 5-10mins
Stage II-hr slows,temp drops, light sleep,10-25mins
Stage III-deep sleep stage
Stage IV

– Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

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3
Q

Sleep Disorders Parasomnias
somna
sleeo
nightmares
bruxism
enuresis
eat

A

Somnambulism (sleep walking)

–Sleep terrors

Nightmares

Bruxism (teeth grinding)

Enuresis (bed-wetting)

Sleep-related eating disorde

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4
Q

Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias
insomnia
hypersomnia
narcolspesy

A

Insomnia-trouble falling, staying or getting good sleep

Hypersomnia-excessive sleepiness-sleep longer then normal at night or daytime sleepiness

Narcolepsy-sleep disorder that daytime sleepiness

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5
Q

Sleep disorder Sleep Apnea

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA

occurs when your breathing is interrupted during sleep, for longer than 10 seconds at least 5 times per hour

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6
Q
  • Sleep Disorders Other
A

Restless Leg Syndrome

  • Sleep Deprivation
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7
Q

hrs of sleep per age

infant

toddler

preschooler

school age

teenager

adult

A

infant-12-15

toddler-11-14

preschooler-11-13

school age(6-11)-9-11

teenager-8-10

adult-7-9

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8
Q

sleep assessment

A

Sleep History

Health History

Physical Exam

Sleep Diary

Diagnostic Studies
– Polysomnography
– EEG

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9
Q

*Nursing Interventions sleep

A

“Preparing a Restful Environment”

Sleep hygiene

Bedtime rituals

Create a restful environment

Promote comfort and relaxation

Education about rest and sleep

– Hospital setting:
Minimize disturbances
Use of meds to promote sleep

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10
Q

Sleep Medications

A

Sedative-Hypnotic

Benzodiazepine/non-BZD
– zolpidem

Anti-Anxiety

Anti-Depressants

Antihistamines
– doxepin

Melatonin
– ramelteon

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11
Q

PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT
skeletal
muscular
nervous

A

Skeletal System… framework of bones, joints between them, and cartilage

Muscular System… composed of 3 types of muscles
*Skeletal
*Cardiac
*Smooth/Visceral

Nervous System… allows skeletal and muscular system to function

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12
Q

NORMAL MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT

A

Body Alignment or Posture

Balance

Coordinated Body Movement

Postural Reflexes

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13
Q

EXERCISE-muscle contraction
istonic
isometric
isokinetic

A

isotonic-same tension-weight on muscles stays same-involve rom- aerobic activities like walking swimming

Isometric-same length-a muscle contraction without changing length-planks wall sits

Isokinetic-speed remains constant,but resistance varies-uses exercise machines-used after injury to regain strength

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14
Q

EXERCISE body movements

A

Aerobic-hr and oxygen-running

Stretching

Strength/Endurance

Movement & ADLS

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15
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS movements

A

Promoting Exercise…AROM / PROM

Encouraging independence with ADL’s

Assisting with ambulation / movement

  • Safe transfers
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16
Q

BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

A

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Musculoskeletal

Metabolic/Endocrine

GI

GU

Skin

Psychosocial

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17
Q

EFFECTS OF IMMOBILITY

A

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Musculoskeletal

Metabolic

GI

GU

Skin

Psychosocial

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18
Q

Nursing Assessment oxygenation

A

Physical Assessment Respiratory/Cardiac/Integumentary
CRT
Vitals
Labs

Medications

Health History
Current
Cough? Productive?
Dyspnea? Fever? Fatigue?

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19
Q

Factors Affecting Cardiopulmonary
Functioning and Oxygenation

A

Level of health
Acute and Chronic illnesses

Obstructed airway

Developmental considerations

Medication

Lifestyle

Environmental

Psychological

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20
Q

Diagnostic Testso2

A

ECG-record of cardiac activity

capnography- carbon dioxide levels in expired gas

thoracentesis- Procedure to aspirate pleural fluid, air, or both

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21
Q

Diagnostic Tests (Pulmonary)

A

Pulmonary Function Tests

Incentive Spirometry

Peak Flow Meter

Pulse Oximetry

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22
Q

Promoting Optimal Functioning oxygenation

A

Healthy Lifestyle

Vaccinations

Reducing Anxiety

Good Nutrition

Fluid Intake

Humidified Air

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23
Q

Promoting Proper Breathing

A

Incentive Spirometer

Pursed Lip Breathing

Chest Physiotherapy

  • Medications
    Expectorants
    Suppressants
    Antihistamines
    Nebulizers & Inhaler
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24
Q

Promoting Oxygenation

supplemental
artifical
mechanical

A

Supplemental Oxygen

CPAP/BiPAP

Artificial Airway
Endotracheal vs. Tracheostomy

Mechanical Ventilation

Chest Tubes
Pleural Effusions
Pneumothorax

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25
Q

What is Cultural Diversity?

A

Coexistence of different ethnic, biological sex, racial, and socioeconomic groups

Religion
Language
Physical Size
Sexual Orientation
Age
Disability
Occupational Status
Geographical Location

26
Q

Why is Cultural Diversity Important?

A

Provides improved provider-patient communication

Lack of understanding may cause inconsistency in care

discrimination

limits access to care

prevents health care team members from providing quality care

27
Q

Cultural Definitions
bias
sterotyping
prejudice
ethnocentrism
assimillation

A

Bias-unfair prejudice in favor of or against one thing

Stereotyping-to believe unfairly that all people or things with a particular characteristic are the same

Prejudice-preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

Ethnocentrism-evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture.

Cultural Assimilation (acculturation)–when immigrant groups are encouraged to “adopt the culture, values, and social behaviors of their host nation

28
Q

Cultural Competence

A

Be aware of your own culture

Be accepting and respectful of cultural differences

Be understanding of the patient’s culture, health-related needs, and the meaning of health and illness

Be able to adapt care to be congruent with the patient’s culture

Be open and comfortable with cultural encounters

29
Q

*Communication Style

A

Verbal Communication
Translator
Interpreter
“Cultural Broker”

Non-Verbal Communication
Touching
Eye contact
Space orientation
Time orientation
Nutritional patterns

30
Q

Common Healthcare Concerns among Various Populations

asain
muslim
adventist
hispanic
Jehovah witness

A

Asian
Respect, Emotional Self-Control, Balance (Yin “cold”/Yang “Hot”)

Muslim
Fasting, Prayer, Modesty, Pork and Alcohol are prohibited

Adventist
Holistic approach to health, Narcotics/Stimulants are prohibited

Hispanic
Family, Catholic beliefs

Jehovah’s Witness
Alcohol/tobacco is discouraged, blood transfusions are prohibited

31
Q

types of loss
actual
perceives
anticiptory

A

actual loss-can be recognized by others

perceived loss-intangible loss, unrecognized by others

anticipatory loss-yet to take place

32
Q

grief

A

Internal emotional reaction to loss due to separation or death. May express physical, emotional, social, or spiritual grief

33
Q

dysfunctional grief

A

Abnormal or distorted grief. May be unresolved or inhibited. May have troubles expressing their feelings of loss or deny them. Extends over a lengthy period

34
Q

mourning

A

Outward expressions of grief. Actions or expressions of grief, including symbols and ceremonies

35
Q

bereavement

A

State of grieving due to the loss of a loved one

36
Q

Stages of Grieving

A

Kubler-Ross

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

37
Q

Factors Affecting Grief Response

A

Age/ Developmental

Culture and religion

Gender

Socioeconomic

Support systems

Cause of death

38
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Dying

A

Irregular Heart Rate

Resp (Cheyne -Stokes)

Decreased Input & Output

Decreased LOC

Decreased Temperature & Blood Pressure

Increased Restlessness

Mottling

Cyanosis

Incontinence

39
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Death

A

Absence of Respirations, BP and Pulse

No response to stimuli

Absence of reflexes

40
Q

end of life care

A

Actively listen- being fully
‘present’

Therapeutic communication (make sure to consider culture)

Touch

Comforting actions
Music
Massage

Privacy

41
Q

Hospice Care

A

Promotes quality of life instead of treatment

Life-expectancy of 6 month or less to live

Comfort care

Reduce Stress

Symptoms relief related to serious illness

Physical and psychosocial relief

42
Q

Palliative Care

A

Occurs at the same time as
curative treatment

Any stage of the disease

Comfort care

Reduce Stress

Symptoms relief related to serious illness

Physical and psychosocial relief

Care for body, mind, spirit, heart and soul

43
Q

Legalities Related to Death & Dying

A

Advanced Directives
Living Will
Durable Power of Attorney

Voluntary Cessation of Eating/Drinking

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)

Active/Passive Euthanasia

Death Certificate/Autopsy

44
Q

Post-Mortem
Care

A

Rigor mortis
Usually occurs 4 hours
after death
Muscle stiffness/contraction

Care of body & family

Organ donation

Funeral Home

45
Q

adventist

beliefs

select practices (no/saturday/approach)

A

believe in persons choice/body is temple

no narcotics/stimulants
Saturday is sabbath
approach to healthcare is holistic

46
Q

muslim
beliefs

select practices(obtain/prayer/no/hygiene/faitful)

A

Koran is sacred

obtain health care from black community
prayer rituals
no pork or alcohol
hygiene
faithful marriages

47
Q

buddhism

beliefs

select practices(looks/accepts/no/check)

A

buddha and 4 noble truths-human suffering is due to craving

looks to buddha for answers
accepts modern science
no taking lives
check if any diet restrictions

47
Q

bahai

beliefs

select practices(seek/prayers/no)

A

Belive in science and religion

seek out competent medical care and pray for health
prayers/holy days/19 day fasts
no sterilization or abortions

48
Q

Christian scientist

beliefs

select practices(declines/no/practictioner/no)

A

all illness is due to human mind-no meds

declines meds
no hypnotism or therapy
practionor may be called
no alchohol or tobacco

49
Q

mormons
beliefs

select practices(avoid/Joseph/3)

A

many do not seek medical therapy

avoid coffee and tea
Joseph smith saw god
3 months of food on hand

50
Q

confucianism

beliefs

select practices(appreciates/emphasized)

A

appreciation of life and desire to keep body from untimely to unnecasry death

apprecaites life
emphasized public health solutions to impending health problems

51
Q

doaism
beliefs

select practices(knowing/long)

A

health is manifestation of harmony of universe

knowing and living a natural life is secret to health and sagehood

long tradition of seeking medical techniques

52
Q

hinduism
beliefs

select practices(medicine/diets/avoid/cremation)

A

moral factors linked to karma

medicine open to new idea
diets are individual
avoid the lips
cremation

53
Q

islam
beliefs

select practices(obligatory/koran/women)

A

allah is all powerful

obligatory prayers/ holy days/fasting/almsigivng
koran law influence everything
some women not allowed to make decisions

54
Q

jehovhas witness

beliefs

select practices(no/no/courts)

A

opposition to false teachings including medicine

no blood tranfusions
no alcohol or tobacco
courts do not supports parents refusing lifesaving treatment for kids

55
Q

judaism

beliefs

select practices (treatment special)

A

formation to god.hebrew bible

treatment should not be schedules on sabbath

special needs in areas od diet, birth,male female contact and death

56
Q

native Americans

beliefs

select practices–rituals, medicine,theraputic

A

no real generalization-death is beginning of new life

rituals mark impooratn life changes, birth,puberty, iniation, death
medicine men and women have special spirits
Theraputic measures-sucking,blowing,feather pen.

57
Q

Protestantism

beliefs

select practices(religious /sacraments/modern)

A

worship god but take modern medical stance

religious practices vary

sacreaments-baptism,communion and confirmation

58
Q

roman catholic
beliefs

select practices(mass/seven/diet/sexual/natural)

A

worship god

mass on Sunday
seven sacramanets
dietary habits
sexual ethnicity norms
natural ways of birth-no abortion or sterilazion

59
Q

Sikhism

beliefs

select practices(Kesh/kara/removing/sexual/same)

A

creating new world order based on equality and social justice for all

Kesh-uncut hair for all
Kara-steel handle worn on wrist
removing turban without permission is insult
sexual activity only with marraige
same sex doctor and nurse

60
Q

unitarian

beliefs

select practices

A

encourage creativity reason and living to an ethical life

free to accept what is best for Their health

d- Fundamentals (10 decks)

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