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D3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the representative members of B-Lactam?

A

Penicillin,
Cephalosporins,
Carbapenems,
Monobactams

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2
Q

What is the cellular target of B-Lactam?

A

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) transpeptidase

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3
Q

What cellular structure is affected by B-Lactam?

A

Cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

What are the B-Lactam associated toxicities?

A

Hypersensitivity, Anaphylaxis (except Aztreonam), Seizure, CDAD

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5
Q

What are the members of glycopeptide?

A

Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

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6
Q

What is the cellular target of Glycopeptides?

A

BP-NAG-NAM monomers

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7
Q

What cell structure is affected by glycoprotein?

A

Cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

What are some of the toxicities associated with Glycoprotien?

A

Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicty, red man syndrome.

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9
Q

What are the members of first groups of cephalosporin?

A

Cephalexin/Cefazolin, Cefadroxil

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10
Q

What are the members of second group of cephalosporin?

A

Cefaclor,Cefprozil,Cefuroxime, Cefotetan/cefoxitin

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11
Q

What are the members of third groups of cephalosporin?

A

Cefdinir/cefpodoxime
Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime

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12
Q

What are the members of fourth group of cephalosporin?

A

Cefepim

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13
Q

What are the members of fifth groups of cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline and Ceftolozane

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14
Q

What is the list of carbapenems?

A

Imipenem/Metropenem/Doripenem

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15
Q

List the Monobactams

A

Aztreonam

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16
Q

List the Glycobactams

A

Vancomycin

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17
Q

What bacteria groups are covered by Group 1 Cephalasporins?

A

Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK

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18
Q

What bacteria groups are covered by Group2 cephalosporins? (Cefaclor/Cefprozil/Cefuroxime)

A

Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY

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19
Q

What bacterias are covered by Group 2? (Cefotetan/cefoxitin)

A

Staph?MSSA, Strep/Pneumoniae, PEK, PDDLY, Anaerobes (except C.diff)

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20
Q

What bacterias are covered by group 3 Cephaloporin? (Cefdinir/cefpodoxime)

A

Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY

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21
Q

What bacterias are covered by group 3 Cephaloporin? (Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime)

A

Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE

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22
Q

What bacterias are covered by group 3 Cephaloporin? (Ceftazidime)

A

Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE

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23
Q

What Bacterias are covered by Group 4? (Cefepime)

A

Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE

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24
Q

What bacterias are covered by Group 5? (ceftaroline)

A

Staph/MRSA, Strep/Pneumo, PEK

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25
What bacterias are covered by Carbapenems? Imipenem/Meropenem/Doripenem
Staph/MSSA, Strep/Pneumo, Enterococcus, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, anaerobes
26
What bacterias are covered by Monobactam?
Gram (-) only (PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, Anaerobes
27
What bacterias are covered by Glycopeptides?
Staph/MRSA, Strep/Pneumo, enterococcus , Clostridium C.diff
28
Are Cephaloporin Bacteriocidal?
Yes
29
CEPs can be destroyed by what?
Gram (-) cephalosporinases like ESBLs.
30
What are some drug interactions of CEPs?
Probenecid (for gout) may decrease renal tubular secretion and prolong CEP serum levels. All CEPs can interfere with the enterohepatic circulation of oral estrogens resulting in sub therapeutic estrogen concentrations.
31
Describe pharmacokinetics/dynamics of Cefazolin (Ancef)
Releases free NMT which inhibit vitamin K Epoxide reductase (Causing impaired blood clotting) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (causing disulfiram-like)
32
whats the brand name of Cefadroxil?
Duricef
33
whats the brand name of Cefazolin
Ancef
34
whats the brand name of Cephalexin
Kelfex
35
Are 2nd gen CEPs more stable to Gram (-) B-Lactamase?
Yes
36
What are 3 types of 2nd gen CEPs?
1. Amino cephalosporin 2. Oxyimino Cephlasporin 3. Cephamycins
37
Amino Cephaloporins are ______ to gram (+) B-lactamase but ___________ by Gram (-) B-lactamase
Stable; Destroyed
38
What is the activity spectrum for 2nd CEPs?
Less active for gram (+) and more active against Gram (-) than 1st generation.
39
What are some fo the adverse reactions of CEPs?
- Risk of bleeding - Disulfram reaction
40
What is a adverse reaction associated with Cefaclor?
Serum-like sickness
41
Cefaclor brand name
Ceclor
42
Cefprozil brand name
Cefzil
43
Do you need to adjust cefuroxime dose for renal impairment
No
44
What is the parenteral form of Cefuroxime?
Zinacef
45
WHat is the oral prodrug form of Cefuroxime?
Ceftin
46
Cefoxitin only treats upper respiratory infections (T/F)
False, it is useful for intravenous-abdominal infections due to some anaerobe coverage (Except C.diff)
47
whats the brand name of Cefoxitin?
Mefoxin
48
What are the adverse reaction of Cefotetan?
Blood clots and disulfram-like reaction
49
Brand name for cefotetan?
Cefotan
50
What antibiotic have the best respiratory secretions in 2nd gen CEPs?
Cefprozil (Cefzil)
51
Why do 3rd gen CEPs causes increase risk of CDAC?
Due to their broad spectrum effects
52
What are some drug-drug interactions of Cefdinir?
Do not take is with Antacids containing metals. This can reduce the absorption; avoid 2 h before/after dose Complex with Fe may turn stool red
53
Whats the brand name of Cefdinir?
Omnicef
54
What is a drug to drug interactions of Cefpodoxime proxetil?
Do not take is with Antacids containing metals. This can reduce the absorption; avoid 2 h before/after dose
55
Whats the brand name of Cefpodoxime proxetil?
Vantin
56
Whats the brand name of cefixime?
Suprax
57
What drug causes cholelithiasis (Gall-stones)?
Ceftriaxone (Binds calcium)
58
Do you need to renally modify Ceftriaxone?
No, its excreted through bile
59
Brand name of Ceftriaxone?
Rocephin
60
What are the side effects of taking Ceftazidime?
Convulsions and seizure may occur with ceftazidime
61
Should the dose be adjusted of Ceftazidime?
Yes! Motha focka
62
Brand name for Ceftazidine
Fortaz
63
Brand name for Ceftazidime + Avibactam (Cephalosporinase/ESBL inhibitor)
Avycaz
64
Whats the prefered 3rd generation CEPs for neonatal and pediatric infections?
Cefotaxime
65
Brand name for Cefotaxime?
Claforan
66
Are 4th generation CEPs broad?
Yes
67
What is Cefepime used for?
Used in hospitals for treating MDR infections
68
Is dose adjustment required for Cefepime?
Yes
69
Brand name for cefepime?
Maxipime
70
What does Ceftaroline have a high affinity to?
PBP2a and is very good anti-MRSA
71
Brand name of Ceftaraline?
Teflaro
72
Which CEP is used as “Trojan horse”?
Cefiderocol. Cephalosporin-siderophore conjugate that tricks the bacteria to uptake for iron use.
73
What is the mechanism of action for Carbapenems?
Blocks cell wall synthesis by inhibiting PBPs
74
Are carbapenems bacteria static?
No they are bacteriocidal
75
What is a side effect of carbapenems?
They could dramatically reduce the valproic acid (anticonvulsants) level resulting in seizures
76
Whats the effect of Dehydropeptidase (DHP-1) on Imipenem? What to add with it?
Severely reduces the half-life. Cilistatin to deactivate DHP-1
77
Brand name of Doripenem?
Doribax
78
brand name for meropenem
Merrem
79
whats the active product in Vabomere?
Meropenem and Vaborbactam (Carbapenamase inhibitor)
80
What bacteria is erta-penem inactive against?
Entreococcus, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
81
Whats the best thing about ertapenem (Invanz)
Longer half life than other carbapenems allowing for 34h dosing
82
Brand name for Ertapenem.
Invanz
83
brand name of Aztreonam?
Azactam
84
Do glycopeptides only work on Gram (+) bacteria?
Yes, Narrow spectrum bactericides with activity only against Gram (+) bacteria
85
GLycopeptide binds noncovalently to ___________ monomers.
NAG-NAM monomers
86
What bacteria was the first one that developed resistance to Vancomycin?
Enterococcus faecium when at NAM-terminal, D-ala to D-lactates, weakening Vancomycin ability to bind.
87
What is Vancomycin susceptibility to S. aureus
MIC of 2 microgram/ml or less
88
What is Vancomycin intermediate susceptibility to S. aureus?
4-8 microgram/ml
89
What are some of the toxicities of Vancomycin?
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, Tinnitus, Hypotensive reaction (Red-man)
90
why does VAN not orally absorbed?
Due to large MW
91
Why is oral vanc used for CDAD if oral absorption is low?
Not absorbed in GI tract, it concentrates in GI and really good for treating CDAD

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