PK/PD Sparks Flashcards
(42 cards)
According to pharmacokinetics principle, What happened to the medication upon entering the body?
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
What is absorption?
Ability of a drug to travel from the administration site to the bloodstream
what are the extra vascular sites that effect absorption? (Slide 5)
- Intramuscular/SubQ
- Inhaled
- Intraventricular/intrathecal
- Oral route
What are some of the advantages of IM/SubQ site administration (Slide 6)
- Avoids first-pass metabolism, may have higher bioavailability than oral route
Slide 6
What are the listed disease state for PenG?
- Syphilis infection
- Strep infection-Single dose
Slide 6
What are the listed disease state for Rocephin
- N. gonorrhea STI
- Otitis Media
Slide 6
What are the listed disease states for Aminoglycosides?
Mycobacterium infections
Which drugs have increased Vd in the lungs?
- Polymixin-Colistin
- Monobactam/Aztreonam
- ## Aminoglycosides-Tobramycin,Amikacin
Slide 7
What are some of the recommendations for Pt using ventilator with gram (-) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
- Use systemic Therapy
- Solution, Nebulizer device, mechanical vent settings, sedation, and other medications
What is the primary use if Intraventricular and intrathecal injection?
- Primary use in CNS infections
- It improves Vd crossing blood-brain barrier (BBB)
- May minimize toxicity outside of CNS
What are some of the drugs that can be injected Intrathecally?
- Aminoglycosides
- Colistin
- Daptomycin
- Vancomycin
Gastric pH
. Absorption in the stomach favor ______ drugs
. Absorption in the small intestines favors _____ drugs
Acidic; Basic
Gi motility
What are potential effects of Delayed-gastric emptying?
- Decrease the absorption of meds in small intestines
- Increase the absorption of meds in stomach
Through oral route, which drug would have poor absorption (First pass)
B-Lactams
Which drugs have excellent Bioavailability through Oral route?
- FQ
- Metronidazole
- Oxazolidinones
- Doxycycline
What’s important to know to admin Ciprofloxacin along with nutrition?
Hold nutrition 1-2 hours before and after enteral nutrition administration (bioavailability may drop 40%)
What’s important to know to admin FQ and Tetracycline along with nutrition?
Give 4 hours before or after cation’s (Calcium, Magnesium, iron, aluminum)
What is the concentration formula?
dose/Vd
What are some of the factors that affect Drug distribution?
- Tissue perfusion/permeability
- Lipid solubility/ Molecular size/Protein binding
What condition favors Distribution?
- High lipophilicity
- Low molecular weight
- Unionized state
- Low protein binding
What are some steps you could take to increase the CNS penetration?
- High doses
- higher frequencies
- Injecting intraventricular
What to do when serum albumin is slower then 3.5?
- Increase ECF/Increase Vd
- Decreases Plasma on optic pressure
- Increased proportion of unbound drug in plasma that can distribute in ECF
- Ultimately increases renal clearance of antibiotics with renal excretion
what would be the properties of a Hydrophilic drug be with general Pk
- Low Vd
- Low intracellular penetration
- typically renal clearance
what would be the properties of a Hydrophilic drug be with Critically ill pK?
- Higher Vd
- Clearence altered d/t changes in renal function
