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Exam 1 drugs and targets Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the class of SMX-TMP

A

Sulfonamide

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2
Q

What bacterias the SMX-TMP covers?

A

MSSA, CA-MRSA, PEK

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3
Q

What’s the class of Nitrofurantoin?

A

Nitrofurans

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4
Q

What Bacterias does Nitrofurans cover?

A

+VRE, PEK

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5
Q

What is the class of Fosfomycin?

A

Phosphonic acid

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6
Q

What is the class of Metronidazole?

A

Nitroimidazoles

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7
Q

What bacteria are covered by Metronidazole?

A

Anaerobes and Clostridium (Not C.Diff)

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8
Q

What bacteria are covered by Fosfomycin?

A

MSSA, MRSA, +VRE, PEK

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9
Q

What is the cell target for fosfomycin?

A

NAM Synthesis

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10
Q

What process is affected by Fosfomycin?

A

Cell wall synthesis

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11
Q

What’s is the cell target of SMX-TMP?

A

Dihydropteroate Synthesis

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12
Q

What is the Process affected by Sulfamethoxazole?

A

Folic acid synthesis

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13
Q

Toxicities of SMX-TMP?

A

Steven-Johnsons Syndrome, Crystalluria, Anemia

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14
Q

What is the drug target in cell for Trimethoprim?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

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15
Q

What is the process affected by Trimethoprim?

A

Folic acid synthesis

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16
Q

what are some toxicities associated with Trimethoprim?

A

Photo toxicity, Rash, pruritus

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17
Q

What are the Drugs Group I?

A

Fosfomycin, SMX-TMP, Nitrofurantoin, and Metronidazole

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18
Q

What drug causes brown color urine?

A

Nitrofurans

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19
Q

Whats the example of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin

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20
Q

What groups are covered by Nalidixic acid?

A

Gram (-) UTIs only

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21
Q

What bacteria are covered by Ciprofloxacin?

A

MSSA, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, atypicals

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22
Q

What bacteria are covered by Levofloxacin?

A

MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, atypicals

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23
Q

What bacteria are covered by Moxifloxacin?

A

MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE, atypicals, anaerobes.

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24
Q

What bacteria are covered by Gemifloxacin?

A

MSSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE, atypicals

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25
What bacteria are covered by Delafloxacin?
MRSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE
26
What are some of the antibiotics that inhibit enzymes of the folate metabolite biosynthesis.
Sulfonylanilines (Dapsone), Sulfonamides (Sulfamethoxazole), diaminopyrimidines (trimethoprim)
27
what antibiotic is good against Mycobaterium leprae?
Dapson
28
Whats one of the blood related side effects of sulfonamides?
Anemia
29
What are some of the contraindications for sulfonamides?
Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.
30
What is Sulfadiazine used for?
Topical skin infections
31
Sulfadiazine (Ag) is a bacteriastatic (T/F)
True
32
Sulfacetamide is used for what?
Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)
33
What are some of the examples of Sulfamethoxazole (Fixed dose) in US?
Co-trimazole or TMP-SMX with Trimethoprim
34
What are some of the examples of Sulfamethoxazole (Ratio dose) in US?
Bactrim and Septra (1:5 TMP:SMX)
35
SMX should not be used for Strep throat (T/F)
True
36
What’s an example of Diaminopyrimidines?
Trimethoprim
37
What’s the MOA of Diaminopyrimidines?
Inhibit the dihydrofolate reductase in the folic acid biosynthesis pathway.
38
Whats the contraindication of Diaminopyrimidines?
Patients with megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency.
39
What is Trimethoprim used for?
Rash, pruritus
40
What is the mechanism of action for Quinolone antibiotics?
Inhibit DNA gyrase
41
What are some of the toxicologies related to Quinolones?
Diarrhea, Tendon rupture, CDAD, Phototoxicity, QT interval prolongation, Hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia effects. Muscular weakness
42
Whats the Black box warning for FQs?
Tendonitis and tendon rupture, exacerbated muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis.
43
FQs are okay to be used for patients under 16 year old (T/F)
False
44
Why are FQs contra indicated in teenagers?
Risk to injury to the musculoskeletal system
45
What are the directions to take FQs?
Do not eat 2hrs before or after taking the medication
46
Why should you not take probenecid with FQs?
It interferes with elimination of all renally-excreted antibiotics increasing plasma levels
47
Why FQs are contraindicated in children?
May cause Cartilage lesions
48
How are FQs are excreted?
Renally except Moxifloxacin (Hepatic route)
49
First generation of FQs are confined to which Bacteria group?
PEK
50
List the First generational FQs
Nalidixic Acid
51
What are the list of Second generational FQs?
Cipro, Norfloxacin, Oflaxacin
52
What does Fluorine atom adds to the medication?
Adds lipophilicty aiding in outer membrane penetration.
53
What does Piperazine ring does to the medication?
Increases bioactivity spectrum, also increases half-life
54
How is Cipro eliminated?
Renally
55
How many time of day you should take Cipro?
QD
56
What All does Cipro covers?
MSSA, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE, atypicals
57
What are Third generations FQs?
Levofloxacin, Gatifloxacin
58
What are the bacterias covered by Levofloxacin?
MSSA,Strep/Pneu, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE and atypicals
59
What bacteria is specifically covered by 3rd generation FQs?
S. pneumonia
60
What’s the Levofloxacin geometry?
S-enantiomers and is 2x more potent
61
How is Levofloxacin given?
Empirically
62
What is Gatifloxacin used for?
Conjunctivitis
63
Brand name of Gatifloxacin
Zymar
64
What is the list of fourth generational quinolones.
Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin
65
List the coverage of Moxifloxacin
MSSA, Strep/Pnue, PEK, PIDDLY, SACE, Anaerobes, Atypicals
66
Whats the name of only FQ that covers anaerobes?
Moxifloxacin
67
Is Gemifloxacin resistant to S.pneumonia
No, it is actually very effective
68
List of the coverage of Delafloxacin
MSSA, MRSA, Strep/Pneumonia, PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE
69
List 2 things that cause resistance of FQs
Efflux pumps, Mutates topoisomerases
70
What type of drug is nitrofurans?
Prodrug
71
What are the toxicities of Nitrofurantoin?
GI irritant, Dark urine
72
Brand name for Nitrofurantoin
Macrobid
73
What is the activity spectrum of Nitroimidazole?
Anaerobic bacteria
74
What type of drugs are Nitroimidazoles?
Prodrug
75
MOA for Nitroimidazoles
It requires Bacterial nitroreductase to be activiated (prodrug) and nitro radical interacts with DNA causing the strand break
76
List the Nitroimidazole drugs
Metronidazole, Tinidazole
77
What type of infections does Metronidazole treats?
”Below the diaphragm” infections due to anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroids)
78
What normal recreational drink contraindicated with metronidazole’s?
Alcohol
79
What type of reaction Metronidazole causes if taken with alcohol?
Disulfram-like reaction
80
what may be an after effect of taking Metronidazole?
Vaginal Candidiasis requiring anti fungal tx
81
Whats the activity spectrum of Tinidazole?
anaerobes
82
what may be an after effect of taking Tinidazole?
can induce vaginal candidiasis requiring antifungal tx
83
What Bacteria do Nitrofurantoin?
+VRE, +ESBL
84
What Bacteria do Fosfomycin?
MSSA, MRSA, +VRE, +ESBL
85
Where (In body) is the highest concentration of Fosfomycin (Post admin)?
It have very high Urinary concentration

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