D4

Question 1

What are representative members of Lipoglycoprotien?

Answer 1

Oritavacin, Dalbavancin, Telavancin

Question 2

What is the cellular target of Lipoglycoprotien?

Answer 2

BP-NAG-NAM Monomers

Question 3

What cell structure if affected by lipoglycoprotien?

Answer 3

Cell wall synthesis

Question 4

what is the cellular target for Lipopeptide?

Answer 4

Pospholipids

Question 5

What are the representative members of Lipopeptide?

Answer 5

Daptomycin, Polymyxins, Colistin

Question 6

What is the cell structure affected by Lipopeptide?

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

What are toxicities associated with Lipopeptide?

Answer 7

Myopathy, eosinophilic pneumonia, Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity.

Question 8

What is the representative members of rifamycin?

Answer 8

Rifampicin

Question 9

What is the cellular target of Rifampicin?

Answer 9

RNA Polymerase

Question 10

what is the cellular affect on Rifamycin?

Answer 10

RNA synthesis

Question 11

What is the toxicity related to Rifamycins?

Answer 11

Hepatotoxicity = CYP inducer, reddish body secretions

Question 11

What is the cellular target of Fidaxomycin?

Answer 11

RNA Polymerase

Question 12

What is the toxicity of Fidaxomicin?

Answer 12

Not well tolerated (Not absorbed)

Question 13

What is the cellular affect by Fiaxomicin?

Answer 13

RNA synthesis

Question 14

What are the representative members of Macrolid?

Answer 14

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

Question 15

What is the cellular target of Macrolid?

Answer 15

50S Ribosome

Question 15

What is the Macrolid’s cell affect?

Answer 15

Protein Synthesis

Question 16

What is the cellular target of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 16

50S ribosome

Question 16

What are the toxicology associated with Macrolid?

Answer 16

QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity = CYP Inhibitors

Question 17

What are the members of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 17

Chloramphenicol

Question 18

What is the cellular Affect of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 18

Protein synthesis

Question 19

What are some of the toxicologies associated with Chloramphenicol?

Answer 19

Bone marrow suppression, gray baby syndrome

Question 20

What bacteria groups are covered by Daptomycin?

Answer 20

MRSA, Step/Pneumo, Enterococcus/VRE

Question 21

What is brand name for Daptomycin?

Answer 21

Cubicin

Question 22

What are the bacterial groups covered by Polymixin, Colistin?

Answer 22

Gram (-) only (PEK, PIDDLY, SPACE)

Question 23

What is fidaxomycin used for?

Answer 23

C.Diff only

Question 24

What is the brand name for Fidaxomycin?

Answer 24

Difficid

Question 25

What is the brand name of Rifampicin?

Answer 25

Rifampin

Question 26

What is rifamycins used for? (Rifampicin, Rifapentine, Rifabutin)

Answer 26

Mycobacteria, Adjunct Abx (biofilms)

Question 27

What is rifamycins used for? (Rifaximin)

Answer 27

GI E.coli only (Travelers diarrhea)

Question 28

What is a warning about chloramphenicol

Answer 28

Its toxic and only should be used for last resort meningitis

Question 29

What bacteria are treated by Chloramphenicol?

Answer 29

- Last stage Meningitis - MRSA - Strep - PEK - PIDDLY - SACE

Question 30

What are macrolids used for?

Answer 30

atypicals, M.Cat., H. flu, Chlamydia, Strep/Pneumo (resistance increasing), Infectious diarrhea

Question 31

What is clindamycin used for?

Answer 31

Staph/MRSA, Strep/Pneumo, Oral anaerobes

Question 32

(T/F) Lipoglycopeptide is Bactericidal

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the mechanism of action for Lipoglycopeptide?

Answer 33

Interferes with transglycosylation

Question 34

List 3 FDA approved Lipoglycopeptide

Answer 34

Dalbavancin, Oritavancin Telavancin

Question 35

Lipoglycopeptides are _________ spectrum with ___________ glycopeptides

Answer 35

Narrow; Hydrophobic

Question 36

Dalbavancin is good against?

Answer 36

MRSA

Question 37

What is the pharmacokinetic facts about Dalbavancin?

Answer 37

Long plasma half life allows for once weekly dosing

Question 38

What is a warning against Dalbavancin?

Answer 38

Hepatotoxicity

Question 39

Dalbavancin Brand name

Answer 39

Dalvance

Question 40

Oritavancin MOA?

Answer 40

Inhibits transglycosylation

Question 41

How often is Oritavancin is dosed?

Answer 41

Long plasma life allows for a single dose treatment

Question 42

What is a warning against Oritavancin?

Answer 42

Osteomyelitis

Question 43

Oritavancin Brand name?

Answer 43

Orbactive

Question 44

Toxicities related to Telavancin?

Answer 44

Nephrotoxicity due to Cyclodextrin vehicle

Question 45

Telavancin brand name?

Answer 45

Vibativ

Question 46

What is the MOA for Daptomycin?

Answer 46

Destabilizes plasma membrane integrity causing them to be leaky

Question 47

Is Daptomycin good in lungs? Why

Answer 47

It is not used for respiratory infections (Pneumonia) because human lung surfactants bind and inactive daptomycin in lungs

Question 48

Pharmacokinetic fact about Daptomycin?

Answer 48

Long half life (Once daily dose)

Question 49

What are some of the toxicities related to daptomycin?

Answer 49

Neuropathy, Skeletal Myopathy. Eosinophilic pneumonia

Question 50

Daptomycin brand name?

Answer 50

Cubicin

Question 51

What bacteria are treated by Polymyxins?

Answer 51

only gram-negative bacteria susceptible

Question 52

What is the MOA of Polymyxins?

Answer 52

It is a mixture of lipopeptide that destabilizes plasma membrane integrity causing them to be leaky

Question 53

What are some toxicities for polymyxins?

Answer 53

Nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

Question 54

Where is Polymyxin B used mainly?

Answer 54

OTC product, used for topical wound infections

Question 55

What is Polymyxin indicated for

Answer 55

Bladder irrigation, and gut decontamination

Question 56

What all drugs are in Neosporin?

Answer 56

Polymyxin B + Bacitracin Zinc + Neomycin

Question 57

Colistin is a sulfate form of what?

Answer 57

Polymyxin E

Question 58

What are some of the toxicities of Colistin?

Answer 58

Nephrotoxicity and Neurotoxicity (Should only be used as last resort antibiotic for MDR Gram (-) infections

Question 59

Colistin Brands

Answer 59

Colistimethate

Question 60

What Type of bacteria are susceptible to Bacitracin?

Answer 60

Gram (+)

Question 61

How is Bacitracin used?

Answer 61

Topically

Question 62

Bacitracin MOA?

Answer 62

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Bacitracin binds to bactoprenol (BP)

Question 63

How do “Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA synthesis” drugs work? (4 steps)

Answer 63

- Chains of RNAs are used to encode peptides and protien via ribosomes in cells - RNA polymerase reads the DNA template to synthesize RNA strands by a process called transcription - RNA polymerase and ribosomes (organelles that orchestrate protein synthesis = Translation) - The most prominent antibacterial agents that inhibit RNA polymerase are the rifamycins that are predominantly used as adjuvant antibiotic in biofilm and mycobacterium infections

Question 64

What is fidaxomycin used for?

Answer 64

treats C. Diff associated Diarrhea (CDAD), a bowel infection that arises during prolonged antibiotic use and can be fatal if left untreated

Question 65

Where are C. Diff infections mainly come from?

Answer 65

obtained in hospitals and long term treatment facilities by spore ingestion

Question 66

Fidaxomycin MOA

Answer 66

Interferes with RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase

Question 67

Fidaxomycin Phamacokinetics

Answer 67

- Like oral vancomycin, not absorbed in GI tract - Eliminated by feces

Question 68

Fidaxomyxin Brand

Answer 68

Dificid

Question 69

Rifamycins MOA

Answer 69

Inhibitor of mycobacteria RNA polymerase

Question 70

How is Rifamycin excreted?

Answer 70

Eliminated in feces

Question 71

What are some of the Adverse rx of Rifamycins?

Answer 71

Hepatotoxcity (cause Orange-discoloration of urine/tears/sweat)

Question 72

What are some of the drug interactions of Rifamycin?

Answer 72

activates CYP enzymes which can reduce the effectiveness of other drugs

Question 73

(T/F) Rifamycin a CYP inducer.

Answer 73

True (decreased half life of drug)

Question 74

What are all the oral Rifamycins?

Answer 74

Rifampin/Rifampicin, Rifabutin and rifapentin and Rifaximin

Question 75

What is done for Rifamycins to get over its resistance development?

Answer 75

It is always used in combination with other antibiotics (adjuvants)

Question 76

What are Oral Rifamycins used for?

Answer 76

- Mycobacterium infections (TB) - Infections due to biofilm-forming bacteria (Staphylococcus)

Question 77

(T/F) there are many uses for Rifaximin and do not have many ADRs

Answer 77

False however only used for Travelrs diarrhea

Question 78

How do inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis work?

Answer 78

- RNA synthesized from DNA by RNA polymerase are translated into peptides/proteins by 70S bacterial ribosomes - Ribosomes are organelles consisting of 30S and 50S subunits