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UH-72 Lakota - 2022 > Daily Questions for BWS > Flashcards

Daily Questions for BWS Flashcards

1
Q

TD 92

What are the six elements of a call for fire?

A
  • Observer Identification I
  • Warning Order W
  • Target Location L
  • Target Description D
  • Method of Engagement M
  • Method Fire and Control M
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2
Q

TD 92

How are the six elements organized when transmitted?

A
  • Observer ID and Warning Order
  • Target Location
  • Target Description, method of engagement, and method of fire and control
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3
Q

TD 92

What are the 5 types of artillery mission?

A
  • Adjust Fire
  • Fire for effect
  • Suppress
  • Immediate suppression
  • Immediate smoke
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4
Q

TD 92

Of the six elements of a call for fire, which are not mandatory for transmission?

A

-Method of engagement and Method of fire and control (last two)

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5
Q

TD 92

Spot Report:

A 
S- Size of Unit
A- -Activity
L- Location
T- Time
W- Type of Fires to engage with

+ The appropriate example

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6
Q

TD 92

In reference to ARTILLERY, what is considered danger close and what manual provides additional risk estimate distances?

A
  • 600m

- and ATP 3-09.32

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7
Q

TD 92

In reference to call for fire, what are the elements in a Message to Observer?

A
  1. Unit to fire
  2. Adjusting unit
  3. Changes or additions to CFF
  4. Number of rounds in FFE
  5. TGT number
  6. Additional information
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8
Q

TD 92

What are your actions IAW the ATM Task 2042 Perform Action on Contact?

A

First crewmember to spot will announce contact, type and location. P* continue to focus outside, fly the aircraft, avoid obstacles, transition to appropriate terrain flight profile as well as flight direction.

P will remain focused on target/objective/threat and assist with avoidance.

Crew will submit spot report as required.

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9
Q

TD 92

What is the Warning associated when performing Actions on Contact?

A

Avoid steep right turns below 45 KIAS close to the ground to maintain sufficient lateral recovery ability.

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10
Q

TD 93

Artillery engagement where observer is certain the target location is accurate:

A

Fire For Effect (FFE)

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11
Q

TD 93

What is the standard method of fire control

A

Fire when ready

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12
Q

TD 93

What is the purpose of the FDC transmitting the term SHOT?

A

It is to inform the observer that the firing unit has fired.

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13
Q

TD 93

What is the purpose of the FDC transmitting the term SPLASH?

A

It is to let the observer know that the round will impact within 5 seconds.

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14
Q

TD 93

List the methods of target location in order of preference.

A
  • Grid coordinate using precision imagery with
  • mensuration tools
  • Laser grid
  • Laser polar
  • Grid coordinates using map spot
  • Polar plot
  • Shift from a known point
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15
Q

TD 93

When selecting terrain flight mode to use for each segment of the mission planning sequence what general planning guidance should be use?

A

METT-TC

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16
Q

TD 93

What are the selection criteria for a combat position?

A

NORMA

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17
Q

TD 93

What are the elements of a target handover?

A 
A - Alert and TGT description
T - Target location
M - Method of Attack
E - Execution
P - Post Attack Actions
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18
Q

TD 93

If a situation requires immediate engagement/suppression from your wingman then the following info is required:

A
  • Target description
  • Direction from the A/C being engaged (azimuth or clock position)
  • Range from A/C being engaged
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19
Q

TD 94

During low level flight in AO Vanguard you notice out the left door a group of soldiers engaging you with RPGs. They are 400 m and 9 o’clock from your position. What is your immediate contact report?

A

You, this is Mustang 46, group of soldiers engaging me with RPG fire to my 9 o’clock, 400m, current time, breaking contact, over.

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20
Q

TD 94

What are the standards for TASK 2169 Perform Aerial Observation

A

D - Detect
I - Identify
L - Locate
R - Report

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21
Q

TD 94

What are the visual cues used when performing aerial observation?

A 
M - Movement
C - Color
L - Light
O - Obvious sighting
S - Smoke and Dust
S - Shadows and Shapes
T - Trails
T - Texture
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22
Q

TD 94

What are the three ways to unmask?

A
  • In Flight
  • Laterally
  • Vertically
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23
Q

TD 94

What are the tactical considerations when dealing with LZ/PZ/HA selection?

A
  • Mission
  • Security
  • location
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24
Q

TD 94

What are the names and rotor disk distance for formation flight separation?

A 
Tight = 2 rotor disk distance
Close = 3-5 rotor disk distance
Loose = 6-10 rotor disk distance
Extended = more than 10
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25
Q

TD 94

When is reconnaissance performed?

A

It is performed whenever required to enhance the commander’s situational awareness and support the decision making processes by providing accurate and timely information about the enemy and the AO.

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26
Q

TD 94

What are the fundamentals of reconnaissance?

A 
G - Gain and maintain contact
O - Orient on the recon objective
R - Report rapidly and accurately
R - Retain freedom of maneuver
D - Develop the situation rapidly
D - Do not keep recon forces in reserve
E - Ensure continuous reconnaissance
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27
Q

TD 94

What are the four methods of reconnaissance?

A
  • Dismounted
  • Mounted
  • Aerial (manned/unmanned)
  • Recon by fire
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28
Q

TD 94

What are the four forms of reconnaissance?

A
  • Zone
  • Area
  • Route
  • Aerial Surveillance
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29
Q

TD 95

What are the fundamentals of security?

A

M - Maintain Enemy Contact
O - Orient on the protected force
P - Provide reaction time and maneuver space
P - Provide early and accurate warning
P - Perform continuous recon

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30
Q

TD 95

What is the purpose of security operations?

A

Prevent the enemy from determining friendly locations, strengths, and weaknesses.

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31
Q

TD 95

What are the forms of security operations?

A

Screen – troop defensive
Guard – Squadron engage the enemy
Cover – ACR Self-contained
Area – protect forces, facility, routes, key terrain
Local – prevent or interdict enemy efforts to observe or engage friendlies

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32
Q

TD 95

What is the purpose of guard force?

A

To protect the main body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy observation and direct fire against the main body.

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33
Q

TD 95

What are the types of guard operations?

A
  1. Stationary Guard
  2. Advanced Guard
    - Stationary Force
    - Moving Force
  3. Flank Guard
    - Stationary Force
    - Moving Force
  4. Rear Guard
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34
Q

TD 95

What are the major elements of the search and attack?

A
  • Find the enemy
  • Fix the enemy
  • Destroy the enemy
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35
Q

TD 96

What are two primary missions of an Air Assault company?

A

Conduct air assault and movement operations – to extend the tactical reach of the maneuver commander, negate effects of terrain, seize key nodes, achieve surprise, and isolate or dislocate enemy forces.

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36
Q

TD 96

What aviation mission involves the movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain?

A

Air assault mission - movement of assault forces using the firepower, mobility, and total integration of helicopter assets to engage and destroy enemy forces or seize and hold key terrain.

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37
Q

TD 96

Who is responsible for all aviation operations while receiving and executing the Air Assault Task Force Commander’s guidance and intent?

A

Air Mission Commander (AMC)

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38
Q

TD 96

What are the five stages of the reverse planning sequence?

A
  • Ground Tactical Plan (GTP)
  • Landing Plan
  • Air Movement Plan
  • Loading Plan
  • Staging Plan
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39
Q

TD 96

What is the overall unit load that makes on complete turn out to and/or back from the area of operation?

A

A LIFT (Serials and Chalks)

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40
Q

TD 97

In accordance with ATP 3-04.1 what are the four offensive tasks conducted by Army Aviation?

A
  • Movement to Contact
  • Attack
  • Exploitation
  • Pursuit
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41
Q

TD 97

The criteria that specifies the conditions in which the aviation security element can engage or break contact with the enemy is known as what?

A

Engagement/Disengagement criteria (as per the Commander’s security guidance)

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42
Q

TD 97

A FARP is defined as what?

A

A Forward Arming and Refueling Point ( a sustainment capability that increases the operational reach of an aviation unit)

43
Q

TD 97

What are the different formations associated with the team maneuver for Army helicopters?

A
  • Combat cruise or combat cruise teams in trail
  • Combat cruise left/right
  • Combat trail
  • Combat spread
44
Q

TD 97

What are the three types of movement techniques associated with team operations IAW FM 3-04.203?

A

Traveling
Traveling Overwatch
Bounding Overwatch

45
Q

TD 98

What is the purpose of the Downed Aircraft Recover Team (DART)?

A

Recover the aircraft with minimal risk to soldiers and

equipment involved in the operation

46
Q

TD 98

The ADAM cell is able to provide the most current A2C2 information for the aircrews planning purposes, what does ADAM stand for?

A

Air Defense Airspace Management Cell

47
Q

TD 99

List and briefly describe the ANVIS-6 operational defects.

A

SHADING: very dark and cannot see an image through it. Always begins on the edge and migrates inward. It is indicative of a dying photocathode caused by a defective vacuum seal of the image intensifier

EDGE GLOW: is a bright area on the outer portion of the viewing area, sometimes caused by a series of emission points. To check for edge glow, block out all light by cupping a hand over the lens, if the bright spot is still there, it is edge glow.

EMISSION POINT: a steady or fluctuating pinpoint of bright light in the image area that does not go away when all light is blocked from the objective lens.

FLASHING, FLICKERING, or INTERMITTENT OPERATION: occurs when the image appears to flash or flicker. Check for loose wires, battery caps, or weak batteries.

48
Q

TD 99

What is the recommended amount of initial counterweight when flying the ANVIS 6? What is the maximum amount of counterweight?

A

Recommend amount is 12 ounces.

Max amount is 22 ounces.

49
Q

TD 99

ANVIS-6 have a ______ degree FOV, which can enhance visual acuity from normal unaided night acuity of about 20/200 to approximately __________ under optimum conditions.

A

40

20/25

50
Q

TD 99

What is the magnification provided by the ANVIS-6?

A

NVG systems do not magnify an image; they enhance the illumination of an object

51
Q

TD 99

To ensure a crew member wearing the ANVIS-6 obtains the full FOV, which procedure must be accomplished?

A

Optimal Sight Adjustment Point procedure.

52
Q

TD 99

What are the cosmetic blemishes, which may be, encountered when pre-flighting the ANVIS?

A
  • Bright spots
  • Black spots
  • Fixed-pattern noise
  • Chicken wire
  • Image Disparity
  • Output Brightness Variation
  • Image distortion
53
Q

TD 100

What are the proper techniques for night-vision viewing used to overcome the reduced visual acuity at lower light levels?

A
  • Scanning
  • Off-Center Viewing
  • Shapes and Silhouettes
54
Q

TD 100

What are the three types of vision associated with Army Aviation?

A
  • Photopic
  • Mesopic
  • Scotopic
55
Q

TD 100

What is the size and cause of the night blind spot that is present when using scotopic vision?

A

The night blind spot occurs when the fovea becomes inactive under low-level light conditions (due to the concentration of cones in the fovea centralis). The night blind spot involves an area from 10 degrees wide in the center of the visual field.

56
Q

TD 100

What type of vision must be used to compensate for the night blind spot?

A

Off-Center Viewing

57
Q

TD 100

What is the size and cause of the DAY blind spot?

A

The day blind spot covers an area of 5.5 to 7.5 degrees. It is located about 15 degrees from the fovea and originates where the optic nerve attaches to the retina. Where the optic nerve attaches to the retina, no photoreceptor cells (cones or rods) are present.

58
Q

TD 100

What are the four forms of reconnaissance?

A
  • Zone reconnaissance.
  • Area reconnaissance.
  • Route reconnaissance.
  • Reconnaissance in force.
59
Q

TD 100

What are the three types of movement techniques associated with a movement to contact?

A
  • Traveling
  • Traveling Overwatch
  • Bounding Overwatch
60
Q

TD 100

When selecting the terrain flight mode to use for each segment of the mission planning sequence what general planning guidance should be used?

A 
*METT-TC*
Mission
Enemy
Terrain and Weather
Troop
Time
Civilian Considerations
61
Q

TD 100

What are the Night and NVG task considerations for the UH-72A?

A
    • Wires and other hazards are much more difficult to detect at night and must be accurately marked and plotted on maps.
    • Use proper scanning techniques to detect traffic and obstacles and to avoid spatial disorientation. The P should make all internal checks (for example, computations and frequency changes).
    • Visual barriers (areas so dimly viewable that the existence of barriers or obstacles is uncertain) will be treated as physical obstacles.
    • Altitude and ground speed are difficult to detect, and use of artificial illumination may sometimes be necessary
    • Surrounding terrain or vegetation may decrease contrast and cause degraded depth perception during approaches.
    • Determine the need for artificial lighting prior to descending below barriers. Adjust search/landing light for best illumination angle without causing excessive reflection into the cockpit.
    • Entering IMC with artificial illumination may induce spatial disorientation.
    • Cockpit controls will be more difficult to locate and identify.
    • Take special precautions to identify and confirm the correct switches and levers.
62
Q

TD 102

What are the Night Unaided task considerations for the UH-72A?

A
    • Use of the white light or weapons flash will impair night vision
    • The P* should not view white lights, weapons flash, or impact directly.
    • Allow time for dark adaptation or, if necessary, adjust altitude and airspeed until adapted.
    • Exercise added caution if performing flight tasks before reaching full dark adaptation.
    • Dimly visible objects may be more easily detected using peripheral vision, but may tend to disappear when viewed directly
    • Use off-center-viewing techniques to locate and orient on objects.
63
Q

TD 102

When conducting preflight on the aircraft what are some special considerations?

A

Night or NVG Considerations: If performing the preflight inspection during the hours of darkness, a flashlight with an unfiltered (white) lens should be used to supplement available lighting. HYD leaks, oil leaks, and other defects are difficult to see using a flashlight with a colored lens. Ensure that internal and external lighting is operational.

64
Q

TD 102

What are the night flight terrain interpretation visual recognition cues?

A

Object size
Object shape
Contrast
Color, texture, and background

65
Q

TD 102

What are the night flight terrain interpretation factors?

A
  • Ambient light
  • Viewing distance
  • Flight altitude
  • Moon angle
  • Visibility restrictions
  • Terrain
  • Seasons
  • Night vision sensors
66
Q

TD 102

When does the low battery indicator flash?

A

When approximately 30 minutes of operating time is left on the selected battery compartment

67
Q

TD 102

What are the core competencies of Army Aviation?

A
    • Provide accurate and timely information collection on the enemy, terrain, local populations and friendly forces.
    • Provide reaction time and maneuver space.
    • Destroy, defeat, disrupt, divert, or delay enemy forces.
    • Air assault ground maneuver forces.
    • Air move personnel, equipment, and supplies
    • Evacuate wounded or recover isolated personnel.
    • Enable mission command over extended ranges and complex terrain
68
Q

TD 102

How are security operations defined?

A

Security operations are those operations undertaken by the commander to provide early and accurate warning of enemy operations to provide the force being protected with the time and maneuver space to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively employ the protected force.

69
Q

TD 102

Who is supported by the execution of Army Aviation attacks?

A

Army Aviation attacks are executed in support of friendly forces in close enemy contact or against enemy forces out of contact with friendly forces.

70
Q

TD 102

What are the N/NVG night considerations for Task 2012, Perform tactical flight mission planning?

A

More detailed flight planning is required when the flight is conducted in reduced visibility, at night, or in the night vision goggle (NVG) environment. NVG navigation with standard maps can be difficult because of map colors, symbology, and colored markers used during map preparation

71
Q

TD 103

Discuss dark adaptation:

A

Dark adaptation is the process by which the eyes increase their sensitivity to low levels of illuminations. Each person adapts t darkness in varying degrees and at different rates. The lower the starting level of illumination, the less time is required for adaptation. Dark adaptation for optimal night-vision acuity approaches it maximum level in about 30 to 45 minutes under minimal lighting conditions. If the eyes are exposed to a bright light after dark adaptation, their sensitivity is temporarily impaired. The degree of impairment depends on the intensity and duration of the exposure. Exposure to bright sunlight also has a cumulative and adverse effect on dark adaptation. Reflective surfaces—such as sand, snow, water, or man-made structures—intensify this condition. Exposure to intense sunlight for two to five hours decreases visual sensitivity for up to five hours. Red lights do not significantly impair night vision. Illness also adversely affects dark adaptation. High body temperatures consume oxygen at a higher-than-normal rate. This oxygen depletion may induce hypoxia and degrade night vision.

72
Q

TD 103

The NVG optimal sight adjustment point procedure can be found in what Army Technical Manual?

A

TM 11-5855-263-10

TM 11-5855-313-10

73
Q

TD 103

What are the NVG operational considerations?

A
  • Color Discrimination
  • Airspeed and Ground Speed Limitations
  • Lights and lighting
  • Magnification versus Enhancement
  • Weather
  • Weapons
  • Aircraft Lighting
  • Depth Perception and Distance Estimation
  • Spatial Disorientation
  • Obstruction Detection
  • Scanning Techniques
74
Q

TD 103

What methods should we use to protect our night vision?

A
  • Equipment*
  • Sunglasses
  • Red-lens goggles
  • Supplemental oxygen
  • Measures*
  • Cockpit light adjustment
  • Exterior light adjustment
  • Light-flash compensation
75
Q

TD 103

While on the flight controls flying contour flight your NVGs fail. What are your crew action steps?

A
  1. Announce goggle failure.
  2. Climb. (During NOE)
  3. Transfer the controls to the pilot not on the controls.
  4. Switch batteries or troubleshoot the goggles.
  5. If the NVGs are not restored to operation, make the appropriate report and modify the mission as briefed.
76
Q

TD 103

What are the general procedures to conduct a light degradation check for Supplemental Cockpit Lighting (finger lights, lip lights, flashlights, and chemical light sticks)?

A
  • At night in an aircraft located in an area of low ambient light with interior lighting set for NVG operations, and with ANVIS prepared for use.
  • Position a reflective material 12 to 18 inches from the eyes.
  • Shine the supplemental light onto the material.
  • With the unaided eye, look at the resultant reflection cast on the windscreen.
  • Observe this same reflection through the ANVIS
  • An acceptable supplemental light source will allow NVG aided vision through the reflection. If the reflection, glare, or stray light interferes with the ANVIS aided vision of any crewmember the light source is unacceptable.
77
Q

TD 103

What the fundamentals of a movement to contact?

A
  • Focus all efforts on finding the enemy.
  • Gain enemy contact early with the smallest reconnaissance force within the allotted time.
  • Maintain contact and fix the enemy while retaining the freedom of maneuver to prevent premature commitment of the protected force.
  • Maintain adequate follow on combat power to rapidly develop the situation after gaining enemy contact.
  • Destroy, defeat, disrupt, divert, or delay enemy forces within capability or conduct battle handover or bypass in accordance with the commander’s intent.
78
Q

TD 104

Define Nap-of-the-Earth Flight.

A

NOE flight is conducted at varying airspeeds as close to the earth’s surface as vegetation and obstacles permit. For NVG training, NOE flight is further defined as operating with the skids or wheels up to 25 feet above trees and vegetation in the flight path.

79
Q

TD 104

Define Contour flight.

A

Contour flight is conducted at low altitudes conforming to the earth’s contours. It is characterized by relatively constant airspeeds and varying altitude as dictated by terrain and obstacles. For NVG training, contour flight is further defined as operating with the skids or wheels between 25 and 80 feet above highest obstacle (AHO).

80
Q

TD 104

Define Low-Level Flight.

A

Aviators perform low-level flight at constant altitude and airspeed, dictated by threat avoidance. For NVG training, low-level flight is further defined as operating with the skids or wheels between 80 and 200 feet AHO at an airspeed commensurate with operational requirements and aircrew limitations. Aviators should decrease airspeed if weather and/or ambient light restrict visibility.

81
Q

TD 104

During NVG map preparation how will routes be marked on the map?

A

Routes will be marked on the map with a solid line.

82
Q

TD 104

During NVG map preparation how will NOE routes be marked on the map?

A

NOE routes will be marked on the maps with periods (. . . . . .)

83
Q

TD 104

What are the two categories of physical hazards to terrain flight?

A

Physical hazards are divided into two categories; manmade and natural.

84
Q

TD 104

Wire hazards consist of what?

A

Wire hazards consist of power lines, guy wires, communications wire, fences, missile-guidance wire, and wire barriers erected by the enemy.

85
Q

TD 105

What is the CAUTION associated with wires while wearing NVDs?

A

CAUTION Wires are nearly impossible to see with NVDs. They are also difficult to see during certain times of the day; for example, when an aviator is flying into a setting sun. Wires and poles can become coated in dust and snow making them even more difficult to identify. During any mission briefing, an aviator must review the presence of wires and identify the location and status of the wire-hazards map.

86
Q

TD 105

What are your monocular cues IAW with TC 3-04.93?

A

Several monocular cues assist crewmembers with distance estimation and depth perception. These cues are geometric perspective, retinal image size, aerial perspective, and motion parallax and can be remembered by the mnemonic acronym GRAM.

87
Q

TD 105

Explain geometric perspective IAW with TC 3-04.93.

A

An object appears to have a different shape when it is viewed at varying distances and from different angles. As illustrated in figure 8-15, the types of geometric perspective include linear perspective (A), apparent foreshortening (B), and vertical position in the field (C) and can be remembered by the mnemonic acronym LAV.

88
Q

TD 105

Explain terrestrial association IAW with TC 3-04.93.

A

Comparison of one object such as an airfield with another object of known size such as a helicopter helps in determining the relative size and apparent distance of the object from the observer. For example, a helicopter observed near an airport is judged to be in the traffic pattern and, therefore, at about the same distance as the airfield.

89
Q

TD 105

What is Iodopsin?
What is Rhodopsin?

A

Iodopsin is the chemical which is always present within the cone cells. Iodopsin permits the cone cells to respond immediately to visual stimulation, regardless of the level of ambient light. However, rod cells contain an extremely light-sensitive chemical called rhodopsin, more commonly referred to as visual purple. Rhodopsin is not always present in the rods because light bleaches it out and renders the rods inactive to stimulation. So sensitive is the rhodospin that bright-light exposure can bleach out all visual purple within seconds.

90
Q

TD 105

Explain the night blind spot.

A

The night blind spot should not be confused with the day blind spot. The night blind spot occurs when the fovea becomes inactive in low light conditions and involves an area from 5 to 10 degrees wide in the center of the visual field. An object viewed directly at night might not be seen due to the night blind spot; if the object is detected, it will fade away when stared at longer than 2 seconds. The size of the night blind spot increases as the distance between the eyes and object increases. Therefore, the night blind spot can hide larger objects as the distance between the observer and object increases.

91
Q

TD 106

Discuss the visual illusions

A

Relative-motion—the falsely perceived self-motion in relation to the motion of another object. This illusion can be encountered during flight in situations such as formation flight, hover taxi, or hovering over water or tall grass.

Confusion with ground lights—occurs when an aviator mistakes ground lights for stars. When no stars are visible because of overcast conditions, unlighted areas of terrain can blend with the dark overcast to create the illusion that the unlighted terrain is part of the sky.

False horizon illusion—occurs when the aviator confuses cloud formations with the horizon or the ground

Height-depth perception illusion—is due to a lack of sufficient visual cues and causes an aircrew member to lose depth perception. Flying over an area devoid of visual references— such as desert, snow, or water—will deprive the aircrew member of his perception of height.

Crater illusion—occurs when aircrew members land at night under NVG conditions, and the IR searchlight is directed too far under the nose of the aircraft. This will cause the illusion of landing with up-slope terrain in all directions. This illusionary depression lulls the pilot into continuing to lower the collective. This can result in the aircraft prematurely impacting the ground, causing damage to both aircraft and crew.

Structural illusions—are caused by the effects of heat waves, rain, snow, sleet, or other visual obscurants.

Size-distance illusion—is the false perception of distance from an object or the ground, created when a crew member misinterprets an unfamiliar object’s size to be the same as an object that he is accustomed to viewing. Examples—different runway sizes, light intensity.

Fascination (fixation) in flying—can be separated into two categories: task saturation and target fixation.

Reversible perspective illusion—at night, an aircraft may appear to be moving away when it is actually approaching. (Red on right, returning)

Altered planes of reference—the pilot has an inaccurate sense of altitude, attitude, or flight-path position in relation to an object so great in size that the object becomes the new plane of reference rather than the correct plane of reference, the horizon.

Autokinesis—primarily occurs at night when ambient visual cues are minimal and a small dim light is seen against a dark background. After 6 to 12 seconds of visually fixating on the light, on perceives movement at up to 20 degrees in any particular direction or in several directions in succession, although there is no actual displacement of the object.

Flicker vertigo—is not technically an illusion; however viewing a flickering light can be both distracting and annoying. Flicker vertigo may be caused by helicopter rotor blades or airplane propellers interrupting direct sunlight at a rate of 4 to 20 cycles per second. Flashing anticollision strobe lights, especially while the aircraft is in the clouds, can also produce this effect.

92
Q

TD 106

Visibility restrictions (caused by fog, rain, dust, haze, or smoke) reduce the effects of hemispherical illumination. What conditions indicate a reduction to visibility?

A
  • Loss of celestial lights
  • Loss of ground lights
  • Reduced ambient light levels
  • Reduced visual acuity
  • Scintillation (the sparkling effect in NVDs)
93
Q

TD 106

The factors increasing stress when performing terrain flight operations while wearing NVDs include ____________, _____________, _______________, and ____________.

A
  • Increased workloads (physical dexterity and mental processes).
  • Limited FOV when using NVDs.
  • Reduced visual acuity, viewing distances, and depth perception.
  • More complex aircrew coordination.
94
Q

TD 106

What are the N/NVG considerations for a VMC approach?

A

Altitude, apparent ground speed, and rate of closure are difficult to estimate at night. The rate of descent during the final 100 feet should be slightly less than during the day to avoid abrupt attitude changes at low altitudes. After establishing the descent during unaided flights, airspeed may be reduced to approximately 50 knots until apparent ground speed and rate of closure appear to be increasing. Progressively decrease the rate of descent and forward speed until termination of maneuver.

95
Q

TD 106

What are the N/NVG considerations for slope operations?

A

When conducting slope operations, determine the need for artificial illumination before starting the maneuver. Select reference points to determine slope angles. (References probably will be limited and difficult to ascertain.) If, at any time, successful completion of the landing is doubtful, abort the maneuver. When performing operations during unaided night flight, ensure that the searchlight or landing light (white light) is in the desired position. Using the white light will impair night vision for several minutes. Therefore, exercise added
caution if resuming flight before reaching fully dark adaptation.

96
Q

TD 106

Describe the emergency lighting system in the LUH-72A and its operation.

A

Three exit signs, two stairway lights and two EMER EXIT PAX lights are supplied with power via ESS BUS I and the cb EM/EX LIGHTS, located on the overhead panel. They are controlled by means of the EM/EX LIGHTS sw which is also located in the overhead panel. (RMF Pg 7-35)

Position OFF - all lights off
Position ARM - lighting will be switched on in case of:

  • activation of the impact switch
  • opened door(s)
  • EMER EXIT PAX LT sw in the cabin is activated
  • activation of the PAX LT sw (beside the EMER EXIT PAX lights)
  • ESS BUS I power supply break down (emergency power supply)
  • CAR/PAX sw ON –> EMER PAX lights on

Position ON - all lights on
NOTE Press the EM/EX LIGHTS cb and the BAT EM/EX LT cb simultaneously.

97
Q

TD 106

According to TC 3-04.21, what must a RCM accomplish to remain NVG current in the UH-72A?

A

To be considered NVG current, a crewmember must take part every 60 consecutive days in at least a 1-hour flight in the aircraft, while wearing NVG. A RCM must be at a crew station with access to the flight controls.

98
Q

TD 107

During N/NVG operations, when will the anti-collision lights be on? (SOP Pg. 6- 13-2) When will the position lights be on? When will the NVG position Lights be on?

A

The anti-collision lights shall be on at all times while the engines are operating IAW AR 95-1. All aircraft shall have the anti-collision lights on while the blades are turning, unless otherwise stated by this SOP. (SOP Pg. 6-7-2) The anti-collision light is optional during NVG terrain flight operations below 25’ AHO on established NOE routes or in an RT. (SOP Pg. 6-13-1) The position lights if possible will be on bright anytime the main rotor blade is untied after official sunset unless otherwise stated in this SOP. (SOP Pg. 6-7-2) (SOP Pg. 6-13-2) Position lights may be dimmed during ground operations only at RTs and Stage fields to aid other traffic. (SOP Pg. 6-13-2) The NVG position lights will be ON during all night/NVG Operations. (SOP Pg 6-13-2).

99
Q

TD 107

When will the landing/searchlight be used during D/N/NVG operations?

A

The landing light shall be ON as deemed appropriate by the IP/PC for, all ground operations at base fields, stage fields, and airports, and for corridors to include corridor transitions. The use of the landing light is to provide maximum visibility to ATC and other aircraft. The IP will determine the need for the landing/searchlight prior to performing hovering unaided auto-rotations. (SOP Pg. 6-13-2, 3) RT Operations—unaided aircrews will use the unfiltered landing/search light during approaches to an unlit inverted Y. (SOP Pg. 6-13-4)

100
Q

TD 107

What is Hyperopia?

A

Hyperopia is also caused by an error in refraction—the lens of the eye does not focus an image directly on the retina. In a hyperopic state, when an aircrew member views a near image, the actual focal point of the eye is behind the retinal plane (wall), causing blurred vision. Objects that are nearby are not seen clearly; only more distant objects are in focus. This problem is referred to a farsightedness.

101
Q

TD 107

What is astigmatism?

A

An unequal curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye causes this condition. A ray of light is spread over a diffuse area in one meridian. In normal vision, a ray of light is sharply focused on the retina. Astigmatism is the inability to focus different meridians simultaneously. If, for example, astigmatic individuals focus on power poles (vertical), the wires (horizontal) will be out of focus for most of them.

102
Q

TD 107

What is presbyopia?

A

This condition is part of the normal aging process, which causes the lens to harden. Beginning in their early teens, the human eye gradually loses the ability to accommodate for and focus on nearby objects. When people are about 40 years old, their eyes are unable
to focus at normal reading distances without reading glasses. Reduced illumination interferes with focus depth and accommodation ability. Hardening of the lens may also result in clouding of the lens (cataract formation).

103
Q

TD 107

When will a flashlight be used on the flight line?

A

During hours of darkness, all personnel will hand carry a lighted flashlight when walking on all ramps to ensure they are visible to equipment operators. (SOP Pg. 6-13-1 a. (5)) During night operations a clear lens flashlight is required for use by the fireguard. (SOP Pg. 6-17-2 b. (2)

104
Q

TD 107

What are the weather requirements for N/NVG training during this course of instruction?

A

Launch– Cairns Forecast and observed weather will be equal to or greater than 1000 foot ceiling and three miles visibility at ETD through one hour after ETA. (Not the arrival time in the training area. Your ETA to Shell.) Recovery—500’ ceiling and 1 mile visibility. N/NVG multi-aircraft recovery —700’ ceiling and 1 mile visibility, limited to six aircraft.

UH-72 Lakota - 2022 (44 decks)

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