Darwin and Natural Selection (palomar.edu)

Question 1

• carried out necessary research to conclusively document that evolution has occurred
• made the idea acceptable for scientists and the general public

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

where was Charles Darwin born

Answer 2

Shrewsbury, England

Question 3

what age did Charles Darwin start university

Answer 3

16

Question 4

where did Charles Darwin study university

Answer 4

Edinburgh, Scotland

Question 5

who enriched Charles Darwin’s knowledge of natural history

Answer 5

Robert Grant

Question 6

At Grant’s suggestion, Darwin became a member of what?

Answer 6

Plinian Society

Question 7

whos scientific ideas interest Charles Darwin

Answer 7

• Adam Sedgwick
• John Henslow

Question 8

• known particularly for his work on classifying rocks from the Devonian and Cambrian eras, and his work was central to developing understanding of the geological time-line
• one of the founders of modern geology

Answer 8

Adam Sedgwick

Question 9

• popularized botany at the University of Cambridge by introducing new methods of teaching the subject
• British botanist, clergyman, and geologist

Answer 9

John Henslow

Question 10

• pioneering meteorologist who made accurate daily weather predictions, which he called by a new name of his own invention: “forecasts”
• captain of HMS Beagle during Charles Darwin’s famous voyage

Answer 10

Capt. Robert Fitzroy

Question 11

name of the ship Charles Darwin was on during his voyage

Answer 11

HMS Beagle

Question 12

what did Charles Darwin realize about why the birds in the Galapagos Islands were different from each other

Answer 12

various species lived in different kinds of environments

Question 13

how many species was Charles Darwin able to collect from the Galapagos Islands

Answer 13

13 species of finches

Question 14

how many species of finches did Charles Darwin knew on the mainland

Answer 14

1 (moment in time.. char)

Question 15

how did the Galapagos finches differ each other

Answer 15

beak size and shape

Question 16

What did Charles Darwin conlcude about the finches in the islands

Answer 16

over many generations, finches changed anatomically in ways that allowed them to survive and reproduce in their environments

Question 17

branching evolution in which different populations of species become reproductively isolated from each other by adapting to different ecological niches and eventually become separate species

Answer 17

adaptive radiation

Question 18

• specific micro-habitats in nature to which populations or organisms adapt
• usually seen in terms of being food getting opportunities in the environment

Answer 18

ecological niches

Question 19

individuals having a variation that gives them an advantage in staying alive long enough to successfully reproduce are the ones that pass on their traits more frequently to the next genetration

Answer 19

“descent with modification”
- Charles Darwin

Question 20

nature selected the best adapted varieties to survive and to reproduce

Answer 20

natural selection

Question 21

Darwin did not believe that the environment was producing the __ within the finch population

Answer 21

variation

Question 22

what did Darwin correctly thought about variations

Answer 22

variations already existed and nature just selected for the most suitable beak shape against less useful ones

Question 23

the continued existence of organisms which are best adapted to their environment, with the extinction of others, as a concept in the Darwinian theory of evolution

Answer 23

survival of the fittest

Question 24

• observed that human populations will double every 25 years unless they are kept in check by limits in food supply
• published ‘Essay on the Prinicples of Population’

Answer 24

Thomas Malthus

Question 25

what did Thomas Malthus publish

Answer 25

Essay on the Principles of Population

Question 26

when did Darwin read Malthus’ essay

Answer 26

1838

Question 27

what did Darwin realize after reading the Essay on the Principles of Population by Thomas Malthus

Answer 27

all plant and animal population have the same potential to rapidly increase their number unless they are constantly kept in check by predators, diseases, and limitations in food, water, and other resources that are essential for survival

Question 28

have the combination of traits that allow them to survive and produce more offspring that in turn survive to reproduce

Answer 28

fittest individuals

Question 29

Darwin’s explanation that evolution occurs as a result of natural selection implied that __ plays a major role

Answer 29

chance

Question 30

Who did Charles Darwin marry

Answer 30

Emma Wedgwood (his wealthy first cousin)

Question 31

How old was Charles Darwin when he published his theory of evolution

Answer 31

50 years old

Question 32

490 page book Charles Darwin published

Answer 32

On the Origin of Species

Question 33

revolutionary idea of evolution by natural selection entirely independently of Charles Darwin

Answer 33

Alfred Wallace

Question 34

first person to begin to grasp why each new generation has new variations

Answer 34

Gregor Mendel

Question 35

• In 1837 he discovered flint hand axes and other stone tools, some embedded with the bones of extinct mammals in gravels deposited during the Pleistocene Epoch, or Ice Age (concluded about 11,700 years ago)
• concluded that these were made at the time those animals lived

Answer 35

Boucher de Perthes