Data Analysis with R Programming (Terms) Flashcards by Travis Dunn

A body of reusable code for performing specific tasks in R

Function (R)

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A collection of columns containing data, similar to a spreadsheet or SQL table

Data frame

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A collection of materials that can be shared with potential employers

Portfolio

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A common way for employers to assess job skills and gain insight into how a candidate approaches common data-related challenges

Case study

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A computer-generated file that records events from operating systems and other software programs

Log file

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A declaration that if a certain condition holds, then a certain event must take place

Conditional statement

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A directory containing all of a data analyst’s installed packages

Library

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A document for running code and displaying the graphs and charts that visualize the code

R Notebook

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A file format for making dynamic documents with R

R Markdown

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A format for organizing and storing data

Data structure

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A function that is completely contained within another function

Nested function

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A general-purpose programming language

Python

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A group of data elements of the same type stored in a one-dimensional sequence in R

Vector (R)

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A group of R functions used for customizing a plot

Labels and annotations (R)

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A language that translates data to improve readability

YAML

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A line on a data visualization that uses smoothing to represent a trend

Smoothing line (R)

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A piece of code added in an R Markdown file that is used to process, visualize or analyze data

Code chunk

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A process for smoothing plots with a large number of points

GAM (generalized additive model) smoothing (R)

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A process used for smoothing plots with fewer than 1,000 points

Loess smoothing (R)

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A process used to make data visualizations in R clearer and more readable

Smoothing (R)

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A programming language for macOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS

Swift

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A programming language for web application development

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

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A programming language that provides structure for web pages and connects to hosting platforms

HTML5

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A programming language used for web page design that controls graphic elements and page presentation

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

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A programming language widely used to create enterprise web applications that can run on multiple clients

Java

A representation of a value in R that can be stored for later use

Variable (R)

A series of functions that splits data into subsets in a matrix of panels

Facets (R)

A short statement describing an idea or concept

Elevator pitch

A software application that brings together all the tools a data analyst may want to use in a single place

IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

A SQL function that returns records with matching values in both tables

INNER JOIN

A streamlined variation of data frames

Tibble (R)

A syntax for formatting plain text files

Markdown (R)

A system of packages in R with a common design philosophy for data manipulation, exploration, and visualization

Tidyverse (R)

A system of words and symbols used to write instructions that computers follow

Programming language

A text file that stores a data table by separating columns of data with tabs

TSV (Tab-separated values file)

A text file with a specific format, which enables the saving of textual data in an organized fashion

FWF (fixed-width file)

A tool in R for expressing a sequence of multiple operations, represented with “%>%”

Pipe (R)

A two-dimensional collection of data elements with rows and columns

Matrix

A unit of reproducible R code

Package (R)

A vector whose elements can be of any type

List

A visual property of an object in a plot

Aesthetic (R)

A way of standardizing the organization of data within R

Tidy data (R)

An extension of the C programming language that is used to create console games, such as those for Xbox

C++

An object that stores categorical data where the data values are limited and usually based on a finite group, such as country or year

Factor (R)

An object-oriented programming language for web application development

Ruby

An object-oriented programming language used to create games and mobile apps in the .NET open source developer platform

An online archive with R packages, source code, manuals, and documentation

CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) (R)

An open-source web application used to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and narrative text

Jupyter Notebook

An operator that returns a logical data type

Logical operator

An operator used to assign values to variables and vectors

Assignment operator

An operator used to compare values, also known as a comparator

Relational operator

An operator used to perform basic math operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

Arithmetic operator

An R function that makes changes to a dataframe separating and merging columns or creating new variables

mutate() (R)

An R function that returns a preview of the column names and the first few rows of a dataset

head() (R)

An R package in Tidyverse that creates a variety of data visualizations by applying different visual properties to the data variables in R

ggplot2 (R)

An R package in Tidyverse that offers a consistent set of functions to complete common data-manipulation tasks

dplyr (R)

An R package in Tidyverse used for data cleaning to make tidy data

tidyr (R)

An R package in Tidyverse used for importing data

readr (R)

An R package used to build interactive web apps with R code

Shiny (R)

Code that can be inserted directly into the text of an R Markdown file

Inline code

Code that is freely available and may be modified and shared by the people who use it

Open-source

Code that performs a particular function and is contained within code that performs a broader function

Nested

Documentation for an R package that describes the problem the package is designed to solve, explains how its functions can be used, and lists any dependencies on other packages

Vignette (R)

Four datasets that have nearly identical summary statistics but contain different plotted values

Anscombe’s quartet

Information needed by a function in R in order to run

Argument (R)

The geometric object used to represent data

Geom (R)

The process of giving instructions to a computer in order to perform an action or set of actions

Computer programming

The process of matching up a specific variable in a dataset with a specific aesthetic

Mapping (R)

The process of writing instructions to a computer in the syntax of a specific programming language

Coding

The set of markup symbols or codes used to create a webpage

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

A tool for showing only the data that meets a specific criteria while hiding the rest

Dashboard filter

The tendency for different people to observe things differently (Refer to Observer bias)

Experimenter bias

Building relationships by meeting people both in person and online (Refer to Networking)

Professional relationship building