Prepare Data for Exploration (Terms) Flashcards by Travis Dunn

Features such as password protection, user permissions, and encryption that are used to protect a spreadsheet

Access control

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Metadata that indicates the technical source of a digital asset

Administrative metadata

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A list of scheduled appointments

Agenda

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Digitized audio storage usually in an MP3, AAC, or other compressed format

Audio file

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A data source that is not reliable, original, comprehensive, current, and cited (ROCCC)

Bad data source

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A conscious or subconscious preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing

Bias

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A data type with only two possible values, usually true or false

Boolean data

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The tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms pre-existing beliefs

Confirmation bias

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The aspect of data ethics that presumes an individual’s right to know how and why their personal data will be used before agreeing to provide it

Consent

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Data that is measured and can have almost any numeric value

Continuous data

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A small file stored on a computer that contains information about its users

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A delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values

CSV (comma-separated values) file

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The aspect of data ethics that presumes individuals should be aware of financial transactions resulting from the use of their personal data and the scale of those transactions

Currency

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The process of protecting people’s private or sensitive data by eliminating identifying information

Data anonymization

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When a preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing systematically skews data analysis results in a certain direction

Data bias

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A piece of information in a dataset

Data element

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Well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used

Data ethics

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A process for ensuring the formal management of a company’s data assets

Data governance

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The ability to integrate data from multiple sources and a key factor leading to the successful use of open data among companies and governments

Data interoperability

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A tool for organizing data elements and how they relate to one another

Data model

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Preserving a data subject’s information any time a data transaction occurs

Data privacy

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Protecting data from unauthorized access or corruption by adopting safety measures

Data security

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An attribute that describes a piece of data based on its values, its programming language, or the operations it can perform

Data type

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Metadata that describes a piece of data and can be used to identify it at a later point in time

Descriptive metadata

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An electronic or computer-based image usually in BMP or JPG format

Digital photo

Data that is counted and has a limited number of values

Discrete data

Well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues

Ethics

The tendency for different people to observe things differently (Refer to Observer bias)

Experimenter bias

Data that lives and is generated outside of an organization

External data

A single piece of information from a row or column of a spreadsheet; in a data table, typically a column in the table

Field

Data collected by an individual or group using their own resources

First-party data

A field within a database table that is a primary key in another table (Refer to primary key)

Foreign key

The section of a query that indicates where the selected data comes from

FROM

Policy-making body in the European Union created to help protect people and their data

General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union (GDPR)

The geographical location of a person or device by means of digital information

Geolocation

A data source that is reliable, original, comprehensive, current, and cited (ROCCC)

Good data source

Data that lives within a company’s own systems

Internal data

The tendency to interpret ambiguous situations in a positive or negative way

Interpretation bias

A dataset in which each row is one time point per subject, so each subject has data in multiple rows

Long data

Someone who shares knowledge, skills, and experience to help another grow both professionally and personally

Mentor

Data about data

Metadata

A database created to store metadata

Metadata repository

Consistent guidelines that describe the content, creation date, and version of a file in its name

Naming conventions

Building relationships by meeting people both in person and online

Networking

A type of qualitative data that is categorized without a set order

Nominal data

A database in which only related data is stored in each table

Normalized database

An interactive, editable programming environment for creating data reports and showcasing data skills

Notebook

The tendency for different people to observe things differently (also called experimenter bias)

Observer bias

The aspect of data ethics that promotes the free access, usage, and sharing of data

Openness

Qualitative data with a set order or scale

Ordinal data

The aspect of data ethics that presumes individuals own the raw data they provide and have primary control over its usage, processing, and sharing

Ownership

In digital imaging, a small area of illumination on a display screen that, when combined with other adjacent areas, forms a digital image

Pixel

In data analytics, all possible data values in a dataset

Population

An identifier in a database that references a column in which each value is unique (Refer to foreign key)

Primary key

A collection of related data in a data table, usually synonymous with row

Record

When the same piece of data is stored in two or more places

Redundancy

A database that contains a series of tables that can be connected to form relationships

Relational database

In data analytics, a segment of a population that is representative of the entire population

Sample

Overrepresenting or underrepresenting certain members of a population as a result of working with a sample that is not representative of the population as a whole

Sampling bias

A way of describing how something, such as data, is organized

Schema

Data collected by a group directly from its audience and then sold

Second-party data

The section of a query that indicates the subset of a dataset

SELECT

Websites and applications through which users create and share content or participate in social networking

Social media

A professional advocate who is committed to moving forward the career of another

Sponsor

A sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual information (also called text data type)

String data type

Metadata that indicates how a piece of data is organized and whether it is part of one or more than one data collection

Structural metadata

Data organized in a certain format such as rows and columns

Structured data

A sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual information (also called string data type)

Text data type

Data provided from outside sources who didn’t collect it directly

Third-party data

The aspect of data ethics that presumes all data-processing activities and algorithms should be explainable and understood by the individual who provides the data

Transaction transparency

When the sample of the population being measured is representative of the population as a whole

Unbiased sampling

An agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that serves as the nation’s leading provider of quality data about its people and economy

United States Census Bureau

Data that is not organized in any easily identifiable manner

Unstructured data

A collection of images, audio files, and other data usually encoded in a compressed format such as MP4, MV4, MOV, AVI, or FLV

Video file

The section of a query that specifies criteria that the requested data must meet

WHERE

A dataset in which every data subject has a single row with multiple columns to hold the values of various attributes of the subject

Wide data

An organization whose primary role is to direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations system

World Health Organization