Day Five

Question 1

What nerve type senses continuous touch or pressure in the dermis?

Answer 1

Ruffini’s end organs

Question 2

What nerve is associated with two-point discrimination in the skin?

Answer 2

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 3

What is the function and location of Pacinian corpuscles?

Answer 3

Nerves in the hypodermis that sense deep pressure, vibration and proprioception

Question 4

What spinal tract is the most important of the descending tracts?

Answer 4

Corticospinal tract

Question 5

How many L of water are filtrated each day?

Answer 5

180

Question 6

What effect does a lesion in the spinal cord have on each side of the body?

Answer 6

Ipsilateral side loses motor control and contralateral side loses pain and temperature sensation

Question 7

What is the extrapyramidal system associated with?

Answer 7

Automatic motor movements and gross rather than fine movements

Question 8

What role does the rubrospinal tract play?

Answer 8

It is important for maintaining posture

Question 9

What role does the reticulospinal tract play?

Answer 9

Plays a role in autonomics

Question 10

What role does the tectospinal tract play?

Answer 10

Controls neck muscles

Question 11

What role does the vestibulospinal tract play?

Answer 11

Balance

Question 12

What role does the pyramidal tract play?

Answer 12

Voluntary movements

Question 13

What enzyme is a marker of osteoblast activity?

Answer 13

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 14

When are high levels of acid phosphatase present?

Answer 14

Carcinoma of the prostate gland

Question 15

What is the name of a molecule or ion required to activate an enzyme?

Answer 15

Cofactors

Question 16

What is the inactive precursor enzyme called?

Answer 16

Proenzyme

Question 17

What happens to Km in the presence of a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 17

It increases

Question 18

What happens to Km in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor?

Answer 18

Nothing, though Vmax is lowered

Question 19

What is the role of alpha-amylase?

Answer 19

Converts starch to oligosacharides

Question 20

What is the role of beta-amylase?

Answer 20

Converts starch to maltose and dextrins

Question 21

What is the role of glucoamlase?

Answer 21

Converts starch to glucose

Question 22

What is the role of thiamine pyrophosphate?

Answer 22

Functions to aid in tissue respiration

Question 23

What is the role of plasmin?

Answer 23

Dissolves fibrin

Question 24

What enzyme in the electron transport chain only accepts electrons?

Answer 24

Cytochrome B

Question 25

What reaction does carbonic anhydrase catalyze?

Answer 25

CO2 -> H2O

Question 26

What enzyme is the first to appear in the blood after a heart attack?

Answer 26

Creatine kinase

Question 27

What enzyme is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis?

Answer 27

Phosphofructokinase

Question 28

What hormone makes the ovary ovulate?

Answer 28

Estrogen

Question 29

What hormone prepares the uterus for implantation?

Answer 29

Progesterone

Question 30

What hormone maintains the pregnancy?

Answer 30

Estrogen

Question 31

What makes proteins good buffers?

Answer 31

Amino acids and their different PKas

Question 32

What substance that is found in the liver plays a role in methionine and lipoprotein formation?

Answer 32

Choline

Question 33

What is important about Linoleic Aci and Linoleic?

Answer 33

They are essential fatty acids

Question 34

What is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?

Answer 34

The conversion of glucose into two pyruvates

Question 35

What is the Cori cycle and what is it used for?

Answer 35

It recycles glucose if there is not enough Oxygen present for aerobic respiration and converts it to lactate

Question 36

What do we need to know about phosphofructokinase?

Answer 36

It is the rate determining step of glyolysis

Question 37

What is presbyopia?

Answer 37

Inability of the eye to focus on nearby objects and is caused by age

Question 38

What is the role of Calcitonin?

Answer 38

It causes Ca to be taken out of the blood and be stored

Question 39

What is the role of somatostatin?

Answer 39

It inhibits the release of GH, TSH, insulin, glucagon and gastrin

Question 40

What two areas are directly inhibited by cortisol?

Answer 40

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

Question 41

What causes Gaucher disease type I?

Answer 41

An accumulation of glucocerebrosides in mononuclear phagocyte system caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase

Question 42

What causes Niemann-Pick disease?

Answer 42

Deficiency of sphingomyelinase results in too much sphingomyelin which causes death by age 3

Question 43

What causes Tay-Sachs disease?

Answer 43

Deficiency of hexosaminidase A and results in accumulation of gangliosides in neurons which usually causes death by age 5

Question 44

What causes Hurler syndrome?

Answer 44

A deficiency of enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase which results in too much heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in the essential organs. Dwarfism and results in death by age 10.

Question 45

What is important to remember about methionine and cysteine?

Answer 45

They are the only amino acids with sulfur

Question 46

What is the major amino acid in collagen?

Answer 46

Glycine

Question 47

What bases are the purines?

Answer 47

A and G