Day to Day 4

Question 1

treppenwitz

Answer 1

When the perfect comeback pops into your head to long after someone says something to you.

“We’ve all experienced this moment before - someone says something to you and you are so overwhelmed by the comment that it leaves you speechless and you can’t come up with a snappy comeback on the spot. But once you’ve walked away from the situation the perfect response suddenly pops into your head.”

This phenomenon is referred to as Treppenwitz in German, which literally means staircase joke, because, what do you know, the witty retort usually hits you in the stairwell on your way out. Of course by then it’s already too late to use it.

MD - fake etmology - Treppen - staircase (something you tripon); witz - witty joke - show someone tripping on a staircase and thinking of a witty joke after someone has told them off.

Question 2

meta

Answer 2

When something is done in a way that is self-referencing or self-reflective.

MD - metacognition, stepping outside of the brain. You go beyond your subjective world and evaluate the brain. The brain thinks and you’re thinking about how it thinks to make the brain’s thinking more effective.

MD Chimpanzees - “Laughter serves the same purpose: it puts other behavior into context. One chimp pushes another firmly to the ground and puts his teeth in her neck, leaving her no escape, but since both utter a constant stream of hoarse laughs, they stay totally relaxed. They know that this is just for fun. Since play signals help interpret other behavior, they are known as meta-communication: they communicate about communication.21 Similarly, if I approach a colleague and slap him on the shoulder with a laugh, he will perceive it quite differently than he would if I did so without a sound or without any expression on my face. My laugh delivers a meta-signal about the hand that hit him. Laughing reframes what we say or do and takes the sting out of potentially offensive remarks, which is why we use it all the time, even when nothing particularly amusing is going on.”
- Mama’s last hug

Since play signals help interpret other behavior, they are known as meta-communication: they communicate about communication. Similarly, if I approach a colleague and slap him on the shoulder with a laugh, he will perceive it quite differently than he would if I did so without a sound or without any expression on my face.

slap on the back could be an angry threatening gesture or an affectionate friendly gesture, laughter communicates

Question 3

Hegelian dialectic

Answer 3

the Hegelian process of change in which a concept (thesis) is contradicted by its opposite (antithesis) and together they come up with a new concept (synthesis). thesis, antithesis, and derived from them both synthesis.

the Hegelian process of change in which a concept or its realization passes over into and is preserved and fulfilled by its opposite.

This is something that could only have happened to me in this incredibly narrow window of time when this kind of Hegelian dialectic of ring tones and no ringtones; thesis anti-thesis collides and created something new in its wake.

MD Middle English dialetik, from Anglo-French dialetiqe, from Latin dialectica, from Greek dialektikē, from feminine of dialektikos of conversation, from dialektos — see DIALECT

MD - think of a hegoal, “only men can play soccer” - thesis, “only woman can play soccer” - antithesis, both men and woman can play soccer synthesis.

Question 4

mansplain

Answer 4

to explain something to a woman in a condescending way that assumes she has no knowledge about the topic.

Question 5

self-referential

Answer 5

making reference to oneself.

example from NY Times Television Review ‘Seinfeld’ Goes Out in Self-Referential Style:
‘ ‘‘They just stood there, did nothing?’’ asks the prosecutor. Of course they did nothing. That’s what ‘‘Seinfeld’’ was famously about. It was also about the kind of clever linguistic tricks on display here.’

Question 6

bellicose

Answer 6

warlike

MD - belly - think of a sumo with a big belly, the bigger the belly the more war like. fight somebody your own size.

Question 7

Kehinde

Answer 7

Kehinde (Short for Omokehinde) is a given name of Yoruba origin meaning “the second-born of the twins” or the one who comes after Taiwo.[1][2] Though Taiwo is the firstborn, it is believed that Kehinde is the elder twin, sending Taiwo into the world first to determine if it is time to be born.[3]

MD - Kehinde Wiley and Kehinde Lijadu
MD - 1. Kehinde is the famous twin which “means the second-born of the twins is the most talented,” I am the second born yonger brother. 2. younger according to birth, but actually believed to be the older twin because Kehinde sends Taiwo into the world first to determine

Question 8

Taiwo

Answer 8

Taiwo (variant forms: Taiye, Taye, Taiyewo)[1] is a name of Yoruba origin meaning “the first twin to taste the world.” or the one who comes before Kehinde.[2] Although Taiwo is the firstborn twin, in Yoruba belief Taiwo is considered the younger twin, having been sent into the world by Kehinde to determine if it is the right time to be born. The names are associated with the Yoruba belief in Ibeji, sacred twins.

Taiwo Wiley and Taiwo Lijadu
MD - 1. T for twin and taste “the first twin to taste the world.”

Question 9

crostini vs. bruscheta

Answer 9

The difference between bruschettas and crostini is the bread used. Crostini uses small finely textured bread, whereas brushcetta uses larger rustic italian or sourdough type.

In Italy you might find yourself offered an antipasto of four or five different crostini, no more than a couple of mouthfuls each, accompanied by some olives, but only one or two of the larger bruschetta would be plenty.

Question 10

crostini

Answer 10

Meaning “little toasts” in Italian, crostini are small, thin slices of toasted bread, which are usually brushed with olive oil.

Crostini are sliced and toasted from a smaller, round, finer-textured bread, more like a white bread baguette.

MD - crostini, think of a crusty texture - toasts - and ini meaning little. crostini are little toasts usually brushed with olive oil

Question 11

bruscheta

Answer 11

From the Italian bruscare meaning “to roast over coals,” this traditional garlic bread is made by rubbing slices of toasted bread with garlic cloves, then drizzling the bread with extra-virgin olive oil. The bread is salted and peppered, then heated and served warm.

Bruschetta, from the Italian word “bruscare” meaning “to roast over coals” is made by toasting whole, wide slices of a rustic Italian or sourdough type bread.

MD - 1. bruscheta from italian bruscare. think of a scary bruce making a bread salad but initially “roasting the bread over coals.”

2. “Bruce getta garlic, olive oil, salt and pepper” Bruschetta is made by rubbing garlic and olive oil

Question 12

recapitulation theory

Answer 12

The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism—often expressed using Ernst Haeckel’s phrase (1880) “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”—is a historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching (ontogeny), goes through stages resembling or representing successive adult stages in the evolution of the animal’s remote ancestors (phylogeny). It was formulated in the 1820s by Étienne Serres based on the work of Johann Friedrich Meckel, after whom it is also known as Meckel–Serres law.

Since embryos also evolve in different ways, the shortcomings of the theory had been recognized by the early 20th century, and it had been relegated to “biological mythology”[1] by the mid-20th century.[2]

Analogies to recapitulation theory have been formulated in other fields, including cognitive development[3] and music criticism.[4]

youtube - if you take many organisms from distant releative groups if you look at the various stages of developing embryos, you find it very hard to distinuish. At the very beginning every developmental stages are very similar. ex. chicken, human, frog look at pyholgeny and ontology. as we move away from the common ancestor on the phylogenetic tree, similarities decrease and as we move back to the common ancestor similarities between organisms increases.

MD - ontology left side chicken, human, frog looking different but going back they look very much the same
right side phylogeny - tree showing chicken, human, frog and if you travel back, you find a common ancestor.

Question 13

ontogeny

Answer 13

development from zygote to mature organism.

the development of an individual organism or anatomical or behavioral feature from the earliest stage to maturity. Compare with phylogenesis.

youtube - chicken, human, frog look at pyholgeny and ontology

MD - a zygote saying onto the next thing. develops an arm, then develops a hand then turns into a full grown human?

Question 14

phylogeny

Answer 14

the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

the evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism. Compare with ontogenesis.

MD - think of all the phylums in a phylogenetic tree leading back to a common ancestor. Phylogeny studies the evolutionary relationships between organisms. arrow pointing up representing evolution and arrows going back on the tree show relationships.

youtube - chicken, human, frog look at pyholgeny and ontology. At the very beginning, everything looks the same. but in development they diverge. this connects to evolution because everything developed from one common ancestor. at the very beginning every organism looks the same, but they develop into things that are very different. one develops into a bird, one into an amphibian and one into a mammal. as

Question 15

recapitulate (biology)

Answer 15

repeat (an evolutionary or other process) during development and growth.

MD - evolutionary process takes a long time so to repeat it during development would be to summarize it. show the porpoises and noses. show the dolphin in embryology.

Question 16

gestation

Answer 16

the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.

History and Etymology for gestation
Latin gestation-, gestatio, from gestare to bear, frequentative of gerere to bear

MD - instead of just do it nike the act of berth and concetpion
Just STAY It (stay in the womb. the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.

Question 17

recapitulate

Answer 17

to retell or restate briefly : SUMMARIZE

etymology: Capitulation originally meant the organizing of material under headings. So recapitulation usually involves the gathering of the main ideas in a brief summary. But a recapitulation may be a complete restatement as well. In many pieces of classical music, the recapitulation, or recap, is the long final section of a movement, where the earlier music is restated in the main key.

MD - gathering of main ideas - paragraphs and then you make headings that are capitalized so you can retell or restate briefly.

“The same species can produce 2 fish with completely different appearances and life styles.”
lines underneath

Question 18

self-reflective

Answer 18

meditation or serious thought about one’s character, actions, and motives.

• MD - reflect is to shine an image back at someone or something. so you are doing the refecting, becoming the mirror through meditation and serious thought about your character, actions, and motives.

Question 19

grove

Answer 19

a planting of fruit or nut trees

“We had this little, tiny ranch house. My father managed all these avocado groves and we were surrounded by avocado groves. We played in them and we jumped from boulder to boulder and made forts in the trees. So it was a nice place to grow up.”

md - GROve - we grow fruits or nuts. Date grove, walnut grove,

Question 20

nuclear family

Answer 20

a family group that consists only of parents and children

And it was a very nuclear family, because the four of us were just there. I had a few friends, but you couldn’t walk to their houses or anything. There were no sidewalks; we were acres away from anybody else. But it was nice being outdoors all the time and being so close to my parents. So I liked it. And my sister, too.

MD - Think of the nucleus of a cell, it’s the main part. all the other organelles would be the extended family.

Question 21

acres

Answer 21

a unit in the U.S. and England equal to 43,560 square feet (4047 square meters)

And it was a very nuclear family, because the four of us were just there. I had a few friends, but you couldn’t walk to their houses or anything. There were no sidewalks; we were acres away from anybody else. But it was nice being outdoors all the time and being so close to my parents. So I liked it. And my sister, too.

MD - about the size of a football field 57,600 square feet.

Question 22

ranch vs. orchard

Answer 22

ranch -

1: a large farm for raising horses, beef cattle, or sheep
2: a farm or area devoted to a particular specialty

orchard -
1. a place where people grow fruit trees

Her father was wealthy, and after the war he had some money to invest and he—there was some tax break for land if you developed avocados. Lord knows why; it was kind of a luxury food. So he bought 9,000 acres in this valley, and then sold off 6,000, and then developed 3,000 into different ranches—avocado ranches, they’re called; they’re really orchards—and sold them to a lot of people he knew in Los Angeles. I guess they benefitted from the same tax breaks. So my dad and my uncle, his son and my mother’s brother, ran the business for him and they learned how to—my dad went to Cal Poly San Luis Obispo for a year to learn agriculture, and learned how to install irrigation pipeline and fertilize avocados, and became an avocado farmer. So that’s why we ended up there.

MD - orchard sounds like yard - think of fruit and nut trees being in someone’s yard. ranch - picture someone putting ranch sauce on their steak or fried chicken, or turning a sheep white with ranch sauce or, a cowboy drinking ranch on a horse.

Question 23

La Cañada Flintridge

Answer 23

La Cañada Flintridge, commonly known simply as La Cañada, is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Located in the Crescenta Valley, in the western edge of Southern California’s San Gabriel Valley,

Then when we moved, that was also my grandfather who wanted to start—he wanted to move down from La Cañada Flintridge to La Jolla.

Question 24

Italian Renaissance

Answer 24

a period in Italian history that covered the 15th and 16th centuries, developed a culture that spread across Europe and marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity. (Proponents of a “long Renaissance” argue that it began in the 14th century and lasted until the 17th century[citation needed].) The French word renaissance (rinascimento in Italian) means “rebirth” and defines the period as one of cultural revival and renewed interest in classical antiquity after the centuries which Renaissance humanists labeled the “Dark Ages”.

I became good friends with during high school and kept in touch with after, did a week on the Italian Renaissance, as a unit that he developed himself. I think he had slides. We had a slide test at the end and I got them all right, and I was glad that I could recognize all these styles from the Renaissance—or not all these styles, but the few styles he taught about. Then I think my mother sort of said, “Well, if you like that, maybe you should major in art history.” So she kind of planted the seed, and then that’s what I did.

MD - from re- + nasci to be born. Born again. rebirth, the cultural revival - renewed interest in classical antiquity.

Question 25

mid-century American (particular concentration in art history)

Answer 25

is an American design movement in interior, product, graphic design, architecture, and urban development that was popular from roughly 1945 to 1969,[1][2] during the United States's post–World War II period. The MCM design aesthetic is modern in style and construction, aligned with the Modernism movement of the period. It is typically characterized by clean, simple lines, honest use of materials, and it generally does not include decorative embellishments. That was actually kind of fun because at the Getty, towards the end of my tenure there, we had the first Pacific Standard Time initiative, and it was all about mid-century California artists. So it was sort of like coming home to these [artists]. I don’t know if you know the artist Larry Bell, but one of the things we had to do at Oxy was go interview a contemporary artist, and I went and interviewed Larry Bell in his studio in Venice in the seventies. Then he’s in this Pacific Standard Time—or not he, his art—and it’s like, a Larry Bell box. So it’s like going back to my childhood. So that was fun.

Question 26

Larry Bell

Answer 26

Larry Bell is an American contemporary artist and sculptor. He is best known for his glass boxes and large-scaled illusionistic sculptures That was actually kind of fun because at the Getty, towards the end of my tenure there, we had the first Pacific Standard Time initiative, and it was all about mid-century California artists. So it was sort of like coming home to these [artists]. I don’t know if you know the artist Larry Bell, but one of the things we had to do at Oxy was go interview a contemporary artist, and I went and interviewed Larry Bell in his studio in Venice in the seventies. Then he’s in this Pacific Standard Time—or not he, his art—and it’s like, a Larry Bell box. So it’s like going back to my childhood. So that was fun. MD - larry bell box picture. Taco bell happy meal using Larry Bell's glass box as a a container

Question 27

purview

Answer 27

the range or limit of authority, competence, responsibility, concern, or intention Well, I think at Oxy the majority of the professors in art history were women. There was the Asian person, the African art person—who was not African— they were both women. The film person was a woman. I think there was only one man. He taught Renaissance and Medieval and ancient. He had a big purview. So yeah, there were plenty of women. Didn’t feel like it was a field that belonged only to men. etymology - The case is within the court's purview. That question is outside my purview. The moral dilemmas of the early settlers are beyond the purview of this book. MD - show a tower with tooth-shaped parapet with gaps (crenels) and raised sections called merlons, helped to shelter the defenders during an enemy attack.. per view, each view has a different 1. range someone looking out of a gap 2. or limit someone looking at the raised part. 3. authority - I'm in charge of the apple trees, pick them! 4. competence - I'm a stone expert! This one needs repair 5. responsibility - I will repair it 6. concern - it doesn't concern me 7. It's not our intention to stop you.

Question 28

tail (fact check sally, I think she means door gunner here)

Answer 28

A door gunner is a crewman tasked with firing and maintaining manually directed armament aboard a military helicopter. Initially, the door gunner's MG weapons were mounted on swiveling mounts (on a pintle mount) in order to retain and steady the door armament weapon. As the war progressed, using bungee cords to suspend/retain the MG became a common practice, as the newfound maneuverability of these "bungeed" weapons allowed for increased firing angles. However some door gunners simply continued to hand-wield the weapon for a maximum level of maneuverability of fire. This practice was commonly termed as using a Free 60. I remember when I got to the Getty and I became good friends with the grounds superintendent, who was from San Fernando, because all these years, I’ve been associating with people who’d been in college and were opposed to the war and certainly didn’t want to serve there.a Mexican American guy. He had enlisted. I said, “What? What do you mean?” Because in his family, that was a good thing to do: go fight. He went to Vietnam, was a tail— shot people from helicopters and was a war hero. This just didn’t compute because all these years, I’ve been associating with people who’d been in college and were opposed to the war and certainly didn’t want to serve there.

Question 29

san fernando

Answer 29

San Fernando is a city in the San Fernando Valley, in the northwestern region of Los Angeles County, California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The neighboring communities are Mission Hills, Pacoima and Sylmar. I remember when I got to the Getty and I became good friends with the grounds superintendent, who was from San Fernando, because all these years, I’ve been associating with people who’d been in college and were opposed to the war and certainly didn’t want to serve there.a Mexican American guy. He had enlisted. I said, “What? What do you mean?” Because in his family, that was a good thing to do: go fight. He went to Vietnam, was a tail— shot people from helicopters and was a war hero. This just didn’t compute because all these years, I’ve been associating with people who’d been in college and were opposed to the war and certainly didn’t want to serve there. MD - like san francisco's direction to LA, northwest. Use map

Question 30

socioeconomic status

Answer 30

Socioeconomic status is the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation. "Sally: I remember when I got to the Getty and I became good friends with the grounds superintendent, who was from San Fernando, because all these years, I’ve been associating with people who’d been in college and were opposed to the war and certainly didn’t want to serve there.a Mexican American guy. He had enlisted. I said, “What? What do you mean?” Because in his family, that was a good thing to do: go fight. He went to Vietnam, was a tail— shot people from helicopters and was a war hero. This just didn’t compute because all these years, I’ve been associating with people who’d been in college and were opposed to the war and certainly didn’t want to serve there. Tewes: Do you think that was a socioeconomic divide? Class- soci (how society views you) economic (based on your occupation, the money you make, and education)

Question 31

Sheboygan, Wisconsin

Answer 31

city and port on Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin "Sheboygan. Yeah, I lived in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. It’s on Lake Michigan, about an hour north of Milwaukee and three hours north of Chicago." Sheboy whearing a cheese hat (Wisconsan) receiving a gogan on at the port on lake michagan.

Question 32

onion pocket

Answer 32

Onion pocket is a type of roll that is made with challah dough and stuffed it with onions and then baked. Jared describing an onion pocket at Zuckerman's. MD - picture of challah dough rolled out and onions on top.

Question 33

McClure Tunnel

Answer 33

The McClure Tunnel is a tunnel in Santa Monica, California, that connects Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1) to its junction with the western terminus of the Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10).[2][3] The tunnel passes through the Santa Monica ocean bluffs,[3] underneath the Colorado Avenue–Ocean Avenue intersection and close to the Santa Monica Pier and southern end of Palisades Park. So I think it was apocryphal, but there was some story about how the traffic was backed up from the Villa, which is north of Sunset, all the way to the McClure Tunnel, which is in Santa Monica. It’s about five miles. I can’t imagine that’s true, but something like that. There were traffic snarls as a result of it opening. MD - pic of the McClure tunnel

Question 34

chocolate-covered ice cream baseballs

Answer 34

Elite Confectionery in El Paso, Texas Pancho Villa in an ice cream store in downtown El Paso, Texas. Elite Confectionery 201 N. Mesa St. Pancho Villa would visit the Elite Confectionery daily during his exile in El Paso to order his favorite chocolate-covered ice cream "baseballs" for 10 cents. Peanut brittle was another Elite Confectionery specialty. Villa, his friends recalled, could eat a pound of peanut brittle. He would usually order nothing but strawberry soda to go with his treats. Villa completely abstained from alcohol consumption and strictly enforced a drinking ban on his troops. In May 1911, the celebrated El Paso photographer, Otis Aultman, took the well-known photograph of Pancho Villa and Pascual Orozco sitting stiffly next to each other at the Elite Confectionery. This was the last photograph taken of the two leaders together. The present Buckler building, which housed the Elite Confectionery, was constructed in 1910.

Question 35

unprovoked (shark attack)

Answer 35

incidents where an attack on a live human occurs in the shark’s natural habitat with no human provocation of the shark. MD - jaws - unprovoked, show woman swimming from shark's pint of view - she's in the shark's natural habitat - the open ocean minding her business not trying to interact with the shark

Question 36

provoked (shark attack)

Answer 36

occur when a human initiates interaction with a shark in some way. These include instances when divers are bitten after harassing or trying to touch sharks, attacks on spearfishers, attacks on people attempting to feed sharks, bites occurring while unhooking or removing a shark from a fishing net, and so forth. MD - show someone pulling a shark out of a net getting bit on the arm. and someone says he had it coming!

Question 37

average worldwide unprovoked for 2019

Answer 37

64 The 2019 worldwide total of 64 confirmed unprovoked cases were lower than the most recent five-year (2014-2018) average of 82 incidents annually. There were five fatal attacks this year, two of which were confirmed to be unprovoked. This number is in line with the annual global average of four fatalities per year.

Question 38

porpoise

Answer 38

1. any of a family (Phocoenidae) of small gregarious toothed whales especially : a blunt-snouted usually dark gray whale (Phocoena phocoena) of the North Atlantic and North Pacific that typically ranges from 5 to 6 feet (1.5 to 1.8 meters) in length 2: DOLPHIN sense 1a(1) —not used technically NOTE: While not closely related, porpoises and dolphins share a physical resemblance that often leads to misidentification. Porpoises typically have flat, spade-shaped teeth, triangular dorsal fins, and shortened beaks with relatively small mouths while dolphins have cone-shaped teeth, curved dorsal fins, and elongated beaks with larger mouths. "Sightings of porpoises do not indicate the absence of sharks — both often eat the same food items." - Florida Museum MD - porcus ‘pig’ + piscis ‘fish’, rendering earlier porcus marinus ‘sea hog’. 1. Think of the charming pig (small gregarious and think of Jules dark gray 2. "Vincent: Ah, so by that rationale, if a pig had a better personality, he would cease to be a filthy animal. Is that true? Jules: Well, we'd have to be talkin' about one charming mother****ing pig. I mean, he'd have to be ten times more charming than that Arnold on Green Acres, you know what I'm saying? Vincent: [laughing] That's good." Think of MD - 1. small, gregarious, toothed whale - Picture the pigs swimming to a boat in the Bahamas 2. dark grey - jules: Well, we'd have to be talkin' about one charming mother****ing pig. 3. North Atlantic and North Pacific - chubby pig insulation because they are in the north

Question 39

mandarin

Answer 39

are a type of orange and the overarching category that Tangerines, Clementines, and Satsumas fall into. Mandarin orange is native to southeast Asia. It was grown in large quantities in China and Japan and migrated worldwide in the 19th century. They are generally smaller and sweeter than oranges, a little flatter in shape, and they and have a thinner, looser skin that makes them easier to peel. MD - visual in folder - the group of closely related Chinese dialects. The dialects in this case are tangerines, clementines, and satsumas. map of china and show mandarin as the overarching category within that is satsumas

Question 40

tangerine

Answer 40

Tangerine. A lot of mandarin fruit were exported from North Africa – from the City of Tangiers, and the fruit from Tangiers earned the name in the USA as Tangerine. (All tangerines are mandarins, but not all mandarins are tangerines). Tangerines have seeds, not as sweet as satsuma, and tougher skin to peel, compared to easy peelers.

Question 41

satsumas

Answer 41

are a specific type of mandarin orange, originating in Japan more than 700 years ago. They are a lighter orange, sweet, juicy, and seedless. They are also the easiest variety to peel. The most tender, easily damaged type of mandarin, Satsuma mandarin oranges are harder to find fresh in stores. MD - sumo (1. japan), sumo wrestler wearing a lighter orange cloth to make his skin look tanner (2. peel is a lighter orange). Sumo is eating pancakes to bulk up with lots of syrup (3. sweet) and orange juice (4. juicy), it is a myth that Sumo wrestlers are castrated so that they are not distracted from competition (5. seedless). They are easy to undress just remove the loin cloth (6. easiest to peel) the flesh of sumo wrestlers is so tender that they are easily damaged.

Question 42

tangerine

Answer 42

Tangerine. A lot of mandarin fruit were exported from North Africa – from the City of Tangiers, and the fruit from Tangiers earned the name in the USA as Tangerine. (All tangerines are mandarins, but not all mandarins are tangerines). Tangerines have seeds, not as sweet as satsuma, and tougher skin to peel, compared to easy peelers. md - tangerines have seeds. 1. think of mandarin seeds being planted in Tangiers 2. mandarins from tangiers were exported to America where they got the name tangerine. not as sweet as satsumas and tougher skin to peel.

Question 43

clementines

Answer 43

are the smallest type of mandarin orange. They are super sweet, seedless, and have red-orange skins that are smooth and shiny. The mandarins you see in grocery stores called Cuties and Sweeties are Clementines. They are easier to peel than tangerines, but not as easy to peel as Satsumas. MD - clementine - popular woman's name. think of a stereotypical 1. womanly cocktail (sweet and seedles) a woman in a red cocktail dress - (red orange skins that are smooth and shiny.) 3. clementine's nickname is sweetie or cutie - (mandarins called sweeties and cuties are clementines). 4. the dress can come off, but not as esily as the sumo cloth. Easy to peel, but harder than satsumas.

Question 44

gold nugget

Answer 44

a recently-released mandarin variety developed within the University of California Riverside citrus breeding program. Gold Nugget fruits are usually medium in size and oblate in form with a somewhat bumpy orange rind. The aromatic rind is moderately easy to peel. The flesh is bright orange, finely-textured, and seedless. The flavor is rich and sweet. The fruit usually matures by early March, but holds exceptionally well on the tree, with summer-harvested fruit still being of good quality.

Question 45

Mandarin

Answer 45

the group of closely related Chinese dialects that are spoken in about four fifths of the country and have a standard variety centering about Beijing

Question 46

Cantonese

Answer 46

the dialect of Chinese spoken in Guangzhou and Hong Kong

Question 47

The two spoken variations of Chinese

Answer 47

The two best-known and most-spoken variants of Chinese are Mandarin and Cantonese. These two languages are not mutually intelligible, so they cannot be called dialects

Question 48

overarching (figurative)

Answer 48

comprehensive; all-embracing: a single overarching principle. overarching goals overarching ambition projects of overarching public benefit — Bob Katz "mandarins are a type of orange and the overarching category that Tangerines, Clementines, and Satsumas fall into." MD - think of a literal overarch. how it forms a circle around multiple themes. an overarching theme. arches - foot arch, arching your back, an over arch person looking up.

Question 49

difference between dolphins and porpoises

Answer 49

The biggest difference is size, with all species of porpoise being that much smaller than their dolphin cousins. Porpoises don't have the pronounced beak that most, but not all dolphins have and they also have different shaped teeth. Porpoise teeth are spade-shaped whilst dolphins are conical. A dolphin has a hooked or curved dorsal fin (except for those species that don't have a dorsal fin) whereas a porpoise has a more triangular dorsal fin, and generally speaking, dolphin bodies are leaner, although porpoises’ are a little more chunky. Dolphins are also more "talkative" than porpoises. The whistles made by dolphins are produced through their blowholes and although porpoises do not do this, possibly due to structural differences in the porpoise’s blowhole, they can still be pretty noisy as they "puff" the air out when they surface. Dolphins and porpoises also have many similarities, one of which is their extreme intelligence. As research evolves, it is likely that more (or perhaps fewer) differences between dolphins and porpoises will be revealed. MD - porpoises is considered poor because they are smaller in size, have smaller beaks, and can't make the high pitched sounds that dolphins make through their blowholes. show a picture of a dolphin making squeaks and getting lots of money because of it.

Question 50

cetacea

Answer 50

Collectively, whales, dolphins and porpoises are known as cetaceans. Cetacean species are divided into two groups - baleen whales and toothed whales

Question 51

baleen whales

Answer 51

Baleen whales – these are the “great whales” and as their name suggests they all have baleen plates that are used to filter their food (which consists of plankton and small species of fish).

Question 52

Why do people get dolphins and porpoises confused.

Answer 52

They look similar, but they are in entirely different families. So they are as different as cows and tigers. Cows are in the ungulate family and tigers are in the cat family. dolphin - in the family delphinidae, which has 36 species including the killer whale. porpoises - in the family The biggest difference is size, with all species of porpoise being that much smaller than their dolphin cousins. Porpoises don't have the pronounced beak that most, but not all dolphins have and they also have different shaped teeth. Porpoise teeth are spade-shaped whilst dolphins are conical. A dolphin has a hooked or curved dorsal fin (except for those species that don't have a dorsal fin) whereas a porpoise has a more triangular dorsal fin, and generally speaking, dolphin bodies are leaner, although porpoises’ are a little more chunky. Dolphins are also more "talkative" than porpoises. The whistles made by dolphins are produced through their blowholes and although porpoises do not do this, possibly due to structural differences in the porpoise’s blowhole, they can still be pretty noisy as they "puff" the air out when they surface. Dolphins and porpoises also have many similarities, one of which is their extreme intelligence. As research evolves, it is likely that more (or perhaps fewer) differences between dolphins and porpoises will be revealed. MD - porpoises is considered poor because they are smaller in size, have smaller beaks, and can't make the high pitched sounds that dolphins make through their blowholes. show a picture of a dolphin making squeaks and getting lots of money because of it.

Question 53

general differences between baleen whales and toothed whales

Answer 53

As a general rule of thumb, baleen whales are larger and slower (except the fin whale which is known as the “greyhound of the sea”) than toothed whales. Additionally, ALL baleen whales have two blowholes whereas toothed whales only have one.

Question 54

toothed whales

Answer 54

includes all toothed whales (sperm whale) and all species of dolphin and porpoise. Toothed whales (otherwise known as odontocetes and including all species of dolphin and porpoise) – which as you would expect, have teeth, and eat larger prey items, including at times, other marine mammals. The main differences with porpoises are that they are usually smaller than other toothed whales and instead of cone-shaped teeth they have flat, spade-shaped teeth.

Question 55

general differences between baleen whales and toothed whales

Answer 55

As a general rule of thumb, baleen whales are larger and slower (except the fin whale which is known as the “greyhound of the sea”) than toothed whales. Additionally, ALL baleen whales have two blowholes whereas toothed whales only have one. MD - baleen are larger and slower and need two blow holes because they are fat so they need to breath more. show a fat whale with two blow holes.

Question 56

do any fish have horizontal tails?

Answer 56

no - Fish have vertical tails and some marine mammals, such as whales, have horizontal tail fins, have those due to the way their back moves. It's all in the spine. Fish move their spine left to right, so their tail needs to be vertical to be the most efficient.

Question 57

do any fish have horizontal tails?

Answer 57

no - Fish have vertical tails and some marine mammals, such as whales, have horizontal tail fins, have those due to the way their back moves. It's all in the spine. Fish move their spine left to right, so their tail needs to be vertical to be the most efficient.

Question 58

difference between fins and flippers

Answer 58

Fins have no true bones or skeletal structure within and are composed primarily of cartilage. A flipper has a bone structure as well as cartilage, joints, and tendons. Usage of the terms "fin" and "flipper" is sometimes inconsistent, even in the scientific literature. However, the hydrodynamic control surfaces of fish are always referred to as "fins" and never "flippers". Tetrapod limbs which have evolved into fin-like structures are usually (but not always) called "flippers" rather than fins. The dorsal structure on cetaceans is called the "dorsal fin" and the large cetacean tails are referred to primarily as flukes but occasionally as "caudal fins"; neither of these structures are flippers. MD - picture of seal (pinnipeds), dolphin, then fish. Seal - pectoral or fore flippers, The dolphins pectoral fins are considered flippers, but most

Question 59

fins

Answer 59

an external membranous process of an aquatic animal (such as a fish) used in propelling or guiding the body. MD - interesting that it's called a process instead of a limb.

Question 60

wasp

Answer 60

``` an American of Northern European and especially British ancestry and of Protestant background especially : a member of the dominant and the most privileged class of people in the U.S. ```

Question 61

wasp

Answer 61

"White Anglo-Saxon Protestants" ("WASPs") is a term for upper-class, white, American Protestants, usually of British descent. ... Sociologists sometimes use the term to broadly include all Protestant Americans of Northern European or Northwestern European ancestry, regardless of their British ancestry.

Question 62

rudder

Answer 62

fsdfs

Question 63

fin keel

Answer 63

sdfsd

Question 64

surfboard fin

Answer 64

sdfsdf

Question 65

oblate

Answer 65

fsdfsd

Question 66

Do elephants have good memories?

Answer 66

yes Remarkable recall power, researchers believe, is a big part of how elephants survive. Matriarch elephants, in particular, hold a store of social knowledge that their families can scarcely do without, according to research conducted on elephants at Amboseli National Park in Kenya. "Other researchers, who studied three herds of elephants during a severe 1993 drought at Tanzania's Tarangire National Park, found that they not only recognize one another but also recall routes to alternate food and water sources when their usual areas dry up. The scientists from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York City reported in Biology Letters that pachyderm groups with matriarchs, ages 38 and 45, left the parched park, apparently in search of water and grub, but the ones with a younger matriarch, age 33, stayed put. Sixteen of 81 calves born in the park that year died in a nine-month period, a 20 percent mortality rate, much higher than the typical 2 percent; 10 of the dead were from the group that remained in the park, where feed and water were scarce. Researchers concluded that the older elephants recalled a drought in the park that lasted from 1958 to 1961, and how their packs survived the slim pickings by migrating to lusher areas a distance away. None of the elephants that stayed behind were old enough to remember the previous dry spell." - https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/elephants-never-forget/

Question 67

aside from memories what else do elephants have

Answer 67

the best eyesight in the animal kingdom.

Question 68

pachyderm

Answer 68

any of various nonruminant mammals (such as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a hippopotamus) of a former group (Pachydermata) that have hooves or nails resembling hooves and usually thick skin pachyderm - 1. elephant eating a peanut - nonruminant. 2. arrows pointing to - (hooves or nails resembling hooves) 3. etymology of pachyderm - pakhus ‘thick’ + derma ‘skin’. (and usually thick skin). think

Question 69

ruminant

Answer 69

1a: chewing the cud : being a mammal that is a ruminant | ruminant animals

Question 70

cud

Answer 70

food brought up into the mouth by a ruminating animal from its rumen to be chewed again MD - think of the hare in alone. Survivalist contestant is able to eat the somewhat digested herbs from the stomach. cud is the opposit of cudly imagine trying to cuddle with barf that a hare just spat out.

Question 71

flipper

Answer 71

a broad flat limb (as of a seal or cetacean) adapted for swimming. MD - though the pectoral fins on a dolphin fit the definition of a flipper, because they are broad flat liimbs that have become adapted for swimming.

Question 72

limb

Answer 72

: one of the projecting paired appendages (such as wings) of an animal body used especially for movement and grasping but sometimes modified into sensory or sexual organs b: a leg or arm of a human being

Question 73

hare

Answer 73

any of various swift, gnawing, herbivorous, usually shy lagomorph mammals (family Leporidae and especially genus Lepus) that have long ears, short tails, and powerful long hind legs, are usually solitary or sometimes live in pairs, have the young open-eyed and furred at birth, and live in aboveground nests

Question 74

rumen

Answer 74

the large first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant in which cellulose is broken down by the action of symbiotic microorganisms MD - Rumen - Room-men 1. Men - portlandia character asking how many men the basement will fit - (large) - 2. Room (first compartment of the stomach) (stomach is a house)

Question 75

chyme

Answer 75

If you were a Neanderthal living in harsh conditions around 50,000 years ago, your number one concern was getting enough to eat. And so you'd eat just about anything that was even semi-edible – possibly including chyme. Chyme is a greenish, goopy substance that consists of partially digested food mixed with digestive acid found inside the stomachs of animals.

Question 76

why inuits eat chyme

Answer 76

It is difficult to get the necessary vitamins and minerals from plants in cold regions. Reindeer are good at breaking through ice to find and eat lichen and other plants. MD - what's "in-u-eat" inuit saying Chyme is where I get my thyme pointing to the stomach of a dead reindeer. !

Question 77

inuit

Answer 77

a member of a group of indigenous peoples of northern Alaska, arctic Canada, and Greenland MD - "I knew it!" said columbus - inuits came from asia. thus I can call all Native Americans Indians since they are the descendants of the very north of North America. Northern Alaska, arctic Canada, and Greenland.

Question 78

rodent

Answer 78

Rodents (from Latin rodere, "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including human-made environments. MD - Latin rodent- ‘gnawing’, from the verb rodere.

Question 79

incisor teeth

Answer 79

a front tooth typically adapted for cutting especially : one of the cutting teeth in mammals located between the canines when canines are present MD - think of beavers having incisor teeth and using them to gnaw on wood. picture of a beaver with scissor blades the handles are its nose and the blades are its long front teeth.

Question 80

cow digestion

Answer 80

The cow has four stomachs and undergoes a special digestive process to break down the tough and coarse food it eats. 1. When the cow first eats, it chews the food just enough to swallow it. 2. The unchewed food travels to the first two stomachs, the rumen and the reticulum, where it is stored until later. When the cow is full from this eating process, she rests. 3. Later, the cow coughs up bits of the unchewed food called cud and chews it completely this time before swallowing it again. 4. The cud then goes to the third and fourth stomachs, the omasum and abomasum, where it is fully digested. Some of this digested food enters the bloodstream and travels to a bag called the udder, where it is made into milk that will come out of her teats, while the rest goes towards the cow's nourishment. MD - screenshot

Question 81

Pronunciation of Kenya

Answer 81

Before Independence, the first syllable of Kenya had an ‘ee’ sound. But on Independence the pronunciation was changed, to fit the ‘eh’ sound in the name of its first president, Jomo Kenyatta. The assumption was made that the colonial British had pronounced the name wrongly. It was pointed that the name of the country had been derived from the first and third last syllables of the African name for the highest mountain in Kenya, Mount Kerinyaga, now also known as Mount Kenya, in which the first syllable is pronounced 'kee'.

Question 82

Jomo Kenyatta

Answer 82

First president of Kenya in 1964 who was the country's first indigenous head of government and played a major role in the country's transformation from a colony of the British Empire to an independent republic. Jomo Kenyatta[a] (c. 1897 – 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous head of government and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death. MD - Jomo Kenyatta - Picture of Joe schmo and Jomo Jomo - not Joe Schmo - he was Kenya's first indigenous head of government and stood up to the British helping the country transform from a colony of the British Empire to an independent repbulic.

Question 83

difference between stingray and manta ray

Answer 83

def - a manta ray is a type of stingray. There are only 2 species of manta ray while there are more than 200 of stingrays. Stingrays have flat bodies and large pectoral fins that can either give them a rounded shape or a diamond shape with pointed fins, "Unlike manta rays, stingrays have long, thin tails, and many have a small stinger (or barb) near the base of the tail." A manta ray, meanwhile, is actually a type of stingray. Through evolutionary history, they have lost their stinger, but have developed several other unique adaptations, including the cephalic lobes (specialized flaps on the front of their face that help them direct tiny plankton to their mouths.

Question 84

cephalic lobes

Answer 84

Those flaps on its front are called cephalic lobes. They help the Manta Ray funnel food into its mouth while it swims. (specialized flaps on the front of their face that help them to filter tiny plankton from the water).

Question 85

what do stingrays use their stingers for

Answer 85

Stingrays generally do not attack aggressively or even actively defend themselves. When threatened, their primary reaction is to swim away. However, when attacked by predators or stepped on, the stinger in their tail is whipped up. This is normally ineffective against sharks, their main predator.

Question 86

Where is the stingrays stinger located

Answer 86

The stinger of a stingray is known also as the spinal blade. It is located in the mid-area of the tail, and can secrete venom. Stingrays can have between one and three spinal blades. The stinger is covered with rows of sharp spines made of vasodentin, which is a cartilaginous material that can easily cut through the skin. The stingray is unique from other venomous animals in that the venom storage is not in a gland. The venom is stored inside of its own secretory cells within the grooves on the undersides of the spine.

Question 87

The stingrays you'll see in the Santa Monica Bay

Answer 87

The round stingray, the bat ray, the shovelnose guitar fish.

Question 88

bat ray

Answer 88

The bat ray is an eagle ray found in muddy or sandy sloughs, estuaries and bays, kelp beds and rocky-bottomed shoreline in the eastern Pacific Ocean, between the Oregon coast and the Gulf of California. It is also found in the area around the Galápagos Islands.

Question 89

the round stingray

Answer 89

The round stingray (Urobatis halleri) or Haller's round ray and Little round stingray is a species of round ray, family Urotrygonidae, found in the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is a small, common ray that feeds mostly on benthic invertebrates. On the beaches of southern California, it is responsible for numerous injuries to bathers, who are stung when they accidentally step on the fish. The wound caused by its venomous spine can be painful, but is non-fatal.

Question 90

the shovelnose guitar fish

Answer 90

The shovelnose is considered to be a primitively developed ray, with many features of both sharks and rays.

Question 91

Why is the Tampa Bay baseball team called the Rays and no longer devil rays.

Answer 91

Following the 2007 season, Stuart Sternberg, who had purchased controlling interest in the team from Vince Naimoli two years earlier, changed the team's name from "Devil Rays" to "Rays", now meant to primarily refer to a burst of sunshine rather than a manta ray, though a manta ray logo remains on the uniform sleeves.

Question 92

The Atlantic devil ray (Mobula hypostoma)

Answer 92

its long tail lacks a spine. The name of the Atlantic devil ray comes from the ray’s distinctive “horns” formed by the forward facing cephalic fins.

Question 93

cownose rays

Answer 93

closest relatives of the massive manta rays. Cownose rays live in North Carolina and feast on scallops. When sharks are overfished this ray population gets out of control.

Question 94

the difference between stingrays and skates

Answer 94

Skates appear quite similar to stingrays, but there are a few differences between skates and rays that divers can use to identify a skate underwater. Skates do not have stings. Instead, they have sharp barbs along their spines or on their tails for defense. Skates also have wider tails than stingrays, with small fins near the tip of the tail.

Question 95

the difference between bison and buffalo

Answer 95

Though the terms are often used interchangeably, buffalo and bison are distinct animals. Old World “true” buffalo (Cape buffalo and water buffalo) are native to Africa and Asia. Bison are found in North America and Europe. Both bison and buffalo are in the bovidae family, but the two are not closely related.

Question 96

Bovidae

Answer 96

a large family of ruminants containing the true antelopes, oxen, sheep, and goats, distinguished from the deer family by the polycotyledonary placenta, the hollow nondeciduous unbranched horns, and by the nearly universal presence of a gallbladder. MD -

Question 97

bovid

Answer 97

any of a family (Bovidae) of ruminants that have hollow unbranched permanently attached horns present in usually both sexes and that include antelopes, oxen, sheep, and goats

Question 98

bovine

Answer 98

any of a subfamily (Bovinae) of bovids including oxen, bison, buffalo, and their close relatives

Question 99

ruminant

Answer 99

a herbivorous, even-toed, hoofed mammal (suborder Ruminantia and Tylopoda) that has a complex 3- or 4-chambered stomach

Question 100

placenta

Answer 100

the vascular organ in mammals except monotremes and marsupials that unites the fetus to the maternal uterus and mediates its metabolic exchanges through a more or less intimate association of uterine mucosal with chorionic and usually allantoic tissues

Question 101

rustic Italian bread

Answer 101

It is... This is the picture I have in my mind of "rustic bread." It is round, has a heavy crust, an open texture, and a flavor. It is made with fewest ingredients and a starter, either a renewable starter, such as sourdough, or a "biga." It is a long rise bread. It could have whole grains in it.

Question 102

derivation of acre

Answer 102

The Anglo-Saxon acre was defined as a strip of land (660 by 66 feet) that could be plowed in one day with a yoke of oxen pulling a wooden plow. Derived from Middle English aker (from Old English aecer) and akin to Latin ager (“field”), the acre had one origin in the typical area that could be plowed in one day with a yoke of oxen pulling a wooden plow. The Anglo-Saxon acre was defined as a strip of land 1 × 1/10 furlong, or 40 × 4 rods (660 × 66 feet). One acre gradually came to denote a piece of land of any shape measuring the present 4,840 square yards.

Question 103

yoke (of oxen)

Answer 103

a wooden bar or frame by which two draft animals (such as oxen) are joined at the heads or necks for working together