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HISTOPATHOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) > DECALCIFICATION > Flashcards

DECALCIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

When should decalcification be done?

A

Decalcification should be done AFTER FIXATION and BEFORE IMPREGNATION to ensure and facilitate normal cutting of bony tissue sections

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2
Q

Recommended ratio of fluid to tissue volume for decalcification:

A

20:1

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3
Q

Ideal time required for decalcifying tissue is

A

24 to 48 hours

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4
Q

Decalcifying of dense bones require up to _____ days

A

14 days

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5
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RATE OF DECALCIFICATION:

A
  1. Concentration of decalcifying agent
  2. Ratio of decalcifying fluid to tissue
  3. Temperature
  4. Mechanical agitation
  5. Ideal time required
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6
Q

ideal temperature for decalcification:

A

18 - 30C

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7
Q

Methods of decalcification:

A
  1. Acid decalcifying agents
  2. Chelating agents
  3. Ion Exchange Resin
  4. Electrophoresis
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8
Q

The MOST WIDELY USED AGENTS FOR DECALCIFICATION of large amounts of bony tissues because they are stable, easily available and relatively inexpensive

A

Acid decalcifying agents

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9
Q

MOST COMMON and FASTEST DECALCIFYING AGENTS:

A

NITRIC ACID (5-10%)

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10
Q

Nitric acid decalcifying agents:

A
  1. 10% Aqueous Nitric acid
  2. Formol-Nitric acid
  3. Perenyi’s fluid
  4. Phloroglucin-Nitric acid
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11
Q

Decalcifies and softens tissue at the same time.

A

Perenyi’s Fluid

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12
Q

Perenyi’s fluid contains:

A

Nitric acid
Absolute ethyl alcohol
Chromic acid

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13
Q

MOST RAPID (specific) nitric acid and decalcifying agent usually can decalcifies within 12-24 hours

A

Phloroglucin_Nitric acid

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14
Q

REMEMBER:

Nitric acid - MOST FASTEST
Phloroglucin - MOST RAPID

Nitric acid - MOST COMMON decalcifying agent
Formic acid - BEST GENERAL decalcifying agent

A
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15
Q

Nitric acid can impart a yellow color to tissue. However, the addition of ______ to pure Nitric Acid will cause the discoloration to disappear

A

0.1% UREA

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16
Q

Recommended for SURFACE DECALCIFICATION

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

17
Q

Decalcifying agent that contains hydrochloric acid (36%). It contains SODIUM CHLORIDE
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
DISTILLED WATER

A

VON EBNER’S FLUID

18
Q

USED BOTH AS FIXATIVE AND DECALCIFYING AGENT:

A
  1. Formic acid
  2. Chromic acid
  3. Trichloroacetic acid
  4. Sulfurous acid
19
Q

The BEST GENERAL DECALCIFYING AGENT

A

FORMIC ACID

20
Q

Carcinogenic decalcifying agent, corrosive to skin and mucus membranes

A

CHROMIC ACID

21
Q

A “WEAK” decalcifying agent

A

Trichloroacetic acid

22
Q

A “VERY WEAK” decalcifying agent

A

SULFUROUS ACID

23
Q

Substances that combines with calcium ions and other salts to form weakly dissociated complexes and facilitate removal of calcium salts ideal for ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, ENZYME AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING

A

CHELATING AGENTS

24
Q

MMOST COMMON CHELATING AGENT in the market; recommended for detailed microscopic studies; SLOW DECALCIFYING AGENT because small specimens may take 1 to 3 weeks while dense cortical bone may take 6 to 8 weeks or longer

A

EDTA (Versene) (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid)

25
Chelating agents:
1. EDTA (VERSENE) 2. CAL-EX
26
Ion exchange resins are SUITABLE/NOT SUITABLE for fluids containing mineral acids
NOT SUITABLE
27
Decalcifying agent (Formic acid) is usually ________ the volume of the tissue
20 to 30 times
28
Process whereby calcium ions which are positively charged are attracted to a negative electrode and removed decalcifying solution satisfactory for small bone fragments
ELECTROPHORESIS
29
SOLUTIONS USED FOR ELECTROLYTIC DECALCIFICATION
1. Formic acid (88%) 2. Concentrated HCl 3. Distilled water 4. Sodium chloride
30
TISSUE SOFTENERS:
1. Perenyi's fluid 2. Lendrum's method - use a 4% Phenol solution 3. Molliflex 4. 2% HCl 5. 1% HCl in 70% alcohol mnemonic: "Hyd Mo PePhe mong Soft"
31
TESTS TO MEAURE COMPLETENESS OF DECALCIFICATION
1. Physical or Mechanical test 2. X-ray or Radiological test 3. Chemical test (Calcium oxalate test)
32
This is done by TOUCHING, PROBING or BENDING resistance to finger nail or by needling 9pricking using fine needle or probe); Most unreliable method
Physical or Mechanical test for measuring completeness of decalcification
33
MOST IDEAL, most sensitive, and MOST RELIABLE METHOD of determining extent of decalcification
X-ray or Radiological test
34
This is the MOST SENSITIVE test for detetcing calcium in bone or tissue calcification
RADIOGRAPHY
35
Simple, reliable and convenient method recommended for ROUTINE PURPOSES to detect presence of calcium in decalcifying solution
Chemical test (Calcium oxalate test)
36
A solution used to SCREEN the presence of calcium salts
Ammonium hydroxide
37
A solution used to CONFIRM the presence of calcium salts
Ammonium oxalate

HISTOPATHOLOGY (TopnotcherQT) (26 decks)

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