Deck 1

Question 1

What are the 3 things that nutritional value consists of?

Answer 1

• Nutritional content
• digestibility / palatability
  -composition of different foods

Question 2

What do feeding requirements depend on?

Answer 2

• calories needed
• weight
• pregnancy
• age

Question 3

Fat (function - 4, source -1)

Answer 3

• energy storage (long term)
• regulating body temp
• for skin and coat
• supports absorption of vitamins
• best source is oil

Question 4

proteins (function ,2)

Answer 4

• building blocks of tissues
  -enzyme production
• immune function
• hormone regulation
• muscle maintenance
• growth
• tissue repair

Question 5

vitamins (func. 1, types. 2)

Answer 5

• growth, immunity, metabolism
• fat soluble - A, D, E, K
• water soluble - B-complex, C

Question 6

Water (func. 1)

Answer 6

temp regulation, digestion, waste elimination

Question 7

pros and cons of fresh nutrients

Answer 7

high moisture,
nutrient rich,
spoils quickly

Question 8

pros and cons of dried nutrients

Answer 8

concentrated,
easier to store,
may looses vitamins when dried

Question 9

pros and cons of processed nutrients

Answer 9

improved digestibility,
consistent nutrient content,
may loose nutrients during processing, need to be restored with supplements

Question 10

where do animals get energy from and when is the demand higher

Answer 10

from carbs and fats,
energy demand higher at youth, pregnancy and lactation

Question 11

fat needs for omnis

Answer 11

provide essential fatty acids which are critical for:
- skin and bone health,
- hormonal balance,
- energy for sustainability

Question 12

vitamin needs

Answer 12

fat soluble (A, D, E, K) - stored in body fat, for vision, immunity and bone health

water soluble (B complex, C) need daily replenishment as not stored

Question 13

what is water needed for (4)

Answer 13

temp regulation,
nutrient transport,
waste elimination,
most bodily functions

Question 14

digestive adaptability of omnivores

Answer 14

the adaptable digestive dystems allow omnivores to break down and absorb nutrients from both plant and animal sources

Question 15

name each enzyme and what they break down (6)

Answer 15

amylase - starch
protease - protein
lactase - lactose
maltase - maltose
lipase - fats (lipids)
cellulase - cellulose

Question 16

Give 2 impacts of a poor diet

Answer 16

• nutrient deficiency
• overfeeding

Question 17

what is an essential amino acid for carnivores

Answer 17

taurine

Question 18

what does taurine do in carnis

Answer 18

• vision
• digestion
• heart function

Question 19

where is taurine found

Answer 19

organ meat

Question 20

what are the 2 essential amino acids

Answer 20

omega 3 and omega 6

Question 21

what are 2 nutrient illnesses that carnivores are prone to

Answer 21

• calcium imbalance
• vit a toxicity

Question 22

how do herbivores extract nutrients from food

Answer 22

• cellulose digestion (fermentation in the stomach or hindgut breaks down cellulose)
• nutrient digestion from plant materials

Question 23

where is glucose stored

Answer 23

muscles and liver

Question 24

what is the function of fats in animals

Answer 24

• energy
• contains essential fatty acids
• insulation
• forms part of cell walls

Question 25

what do omega 3 fatty acids do

Answer 25

reduce inflamation and support rain health

Question 26

what do omega 6 fatty acids do

Answer 26

support skin health and cell membrane integrity

Question 27

what is the role of cellulose for herbivores

Answer 27

herbivores rely on cellulose for energy. ruminant stomachs help to break down these cellulose. the fermentation of cellulode produces volatile fatty acids for energy.

Question 28

when does glycogen provide energy

Answer 28

during fasting or exercise

Question 29

what does insulin do

Answer 29

lowers blood glucose by increacing uptake by cells

Question 30

what does glucagon do

Answer 30

raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose breakdown

Question 31

where is glucagon stored

Answer 31

muscles for immediate energy in exercise

Question 32

hemoglobin structure and function

Answer 32

4 subunits each with a "heme" group containing iron transports oxygen in the blood from lungs to tissue. essentail for maintaining oxygen levels

Question 33

what are enzyme proteins

Answer 33

proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 34

what does protease do

Answer 34

breaks down proteins into amino acids facilitates protein digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 35

where is pepsin stored

Answer 35

stomach

Question 36

where is trypepsin stored

Answer 36

small intestine

Question 37

collagen function

Answer 37

provides strength and elasticity to connective tissues

Question 38

keratin function

Answer 38

found in hair, skin and nails - for protection

Question 39

elastin function

Answer 39

allows tissues to stretch and return to original shape

Question 40

symptoms of protein deficiency

Answer 40

- reduced muscle mass - impared immune function - growth issues

Question 41

what are enzymes

Answer 41

- proteins that speed up chemical reactions - lower activation energy - can be reused - bind to substrates

Question 42

what are waxes for

Answer 42

provides waterproofing and protection

Question 43

what are peristalsis (digestive system)

Answer 43

a series of wave like muscle contractions in the oesophagus to move food to the stomach

Question 44

where is bile stored

Answer 44

gall bladder

Question 45

where is bile produced

Answer 45

liver

Question 46

what does the pancreas do

Answer 46

release enzymes into intestines

Question 47

what is enrichment

Answer 47

a husbandry principle that enhances the quality of captive animal care by providing environmental stimuli necessary or optimal physiological and physiological well being

Question 48

what are the 4 types of enrichment

Answer 48

- food - cognitive - social - environmental

Question 49

what are the laws around live feeding

Answer 49

feeding vertebrates should be avoided and only under vets advice in which case a written justification and ethical review progress should be provided. the feeding should be observed, food not left in enclosure and not in front of public