science based Flashcards
(26 cards)
what are the 3 types of lipids
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
what are triglycerides composed of and what are they
3 fatty acids (monoglyserol, diglyserol and triglyseol) and 1 glyserol molecule
they are a major form of stored energy and are used during periods of low food availability
what are phospholipids composed of and what are they
2 fatty acids, a phosphate group and a glyserol molecule. has a hydrophillic (water attracting) head and 2 hydrophobic (water repelling) tails
they are a key component of cell membranes
what are sterols and what do they do
ring shaped molecules, they are complex molecules, including cholesterol, its important for hormone production and cell membrane structure
what do phospholipids do
create a semi permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of cells
what do sterols do
ad rigitity and stability to cell membranes preventing them becoming too rigic or fluid
give facts about saturated fatty acids
no double bonds between carbon atoms
typically hard animal fats
solid a t room temp
raise cholesterol
associated with increased heart disease
give facts about unsaturated fats
one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
liquid at room temp
lowers bad cholesterol and increases good cholesterol
supports cardiovascular health
name 2 essential fatty acids
- linolenic acid
- arachidonic acid
what are essential fatty acids
fatty acids that cannot be synthesised by the animals body and must be obtained from the diet. critical for brain development
what is aerobic respiration in regards to glucose
the complete oxidisation of glucose (using oxygen)
what is glycolysis
the process that breaks down glucose to produce energy
how do carbohydrates act as an energy source?
the carbs are converted into glucose, this is a primary energy source for animal cells. excess glucose is then stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. when the energy is needed the glycogen can be broken back down into glycogen
what is the role of carbohydrates in cellular respiration
- primary substrate for cellular respiration
- ATP production, the oxidisation of glucose produces atp (needed for energy intensive processes)
what minerals are needed and what do they do
calcium and phosphorus - bone strength,
iron and copper - blood health
zinc and magnesium - emzymatic and metabolic functions
what is the percentage of water in the
1. brain
2. blood
3. lungs
1.95%
2.82%
3.90%
what percentage of water loss leads to
1. dehydration
2.death
1) 2%
2) 15%
how are carbs absorbed
amylase breaks them down into simple sugars, these can then be absorbed in the small intestine where the sugars enter the bloodstream
what are protein receptors
proteins that bind signalling molecules to transmit signals into cells to regulate processes
what do g protein coupled receptors do
- regulate blood glucose levels by responding to insulin
- crucial for maintaining energy balance and metabolic control
what is the induced fit model for enzymes
the active site is flexible and changes shape according to the substrate, this allows the enzyme to bind to a wide range of substrates
what is the lock and key model in terms of enzymes
the active site has a fixed shape and the substrate must fit exactly into the active site for the reaction to occur
what are triglycerides for
main form of stored energy
what are phospholipids for
essential for forming cell membranes
