Deck 12

Question 1

Lymphocytes recognizing the native forms of antigens are:

Answer 1

B-cells

Question 2

Lymphocytes recognizing only processing antigens are:

Answer 2

T cells

Question 3

Lymphocytes activating macrophages are:

Answer 3

Th1

Question 4

Positive selection of T lymphocytes ensures that the cell that recognize

Answer 4

self MHC molecule survive

Question 5

Negative selection of T lymphocytes ensures that the cells that recognize

Answer 5

self Ag are killed

Question 6

For the process of genetic recombination, which enzyme is required?

Answer 6

RAG (recombination activation gene)

Question 7

The strong binding of leukocytes to the activated endothelium includes the prescience of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic molecules that activate the expression of:

Answer 7

integrins, on the surface of circulating leukocytes

Question 8

The slowing of movement and rolling of leukocytes along the vascular endothelium induces the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic molecules that activate the expression of:

Answer 8

selectins, on the surface of circulating leukocytes and activated endothelium

Question 9

The extravasation of leukocytes through the intact capillary wall by diapedesis is mediated by interactions between _______on migrating leukocytes and endothelial cells

Answer 9

PECAM
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule

Question 10

Complement plays an important role in __________ immunity:

Answer 10

innate/humoral

Question 11

The classical complement pathway is activated by the binding of:

Answer 11

C1q complement component to IgM or IgG antibody in antigen-antibody complexes

Question 12

Lymphocytes are antigen-:

Answer 12

specific

Question 13

The role of the thymus is to:

Answer 13

ensure maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 14

The role of the bone marrow is to:

Answer 14

ensure maturation of B lymphocytes

Question 15

Describe the flow of fluids in the body:

Answer 15

1. Blood capillaries
2. Interstitium
3. Lymphatic capillaries
4. Ductus thoracicus
5. Blood veins

Question 16

Basophil granulocyte stimulate:

Answer 16

inflammation and allergic reactions

Question 17

Neutrophil granulocyte is for:

Answer 17

phagocytosis

Question 18

M cells stimulate:

Answer 18

antigen collection on the mucosal surface

Question 19

Dendritic cells are for:

Answer 19

antigen presentation (APC)

Question 20

Eosinophil granulocyte:

Answer 20

killing of worm parasites

Question 21

Macrophage:

Answer 21

phagocytosis and antigen presentation (APC)

Question 22

Phagocytic cells are called:

Answer 22

phagocytes - neutrophils, leukocytes and macrophages

Question 23

Name the vesicle formed when phagocytic cells fuse:

Answer 23

phagosome, or phagolysosome when fused with lysosome

Question 24

What activates B lymphocytes?

Answer 24

IgM

Question 25

Difference between defensins and adhesins:

Answer 25

Adhesins (selectins/integrins) are found on high endothelial cells and are specific for different lymphoid tissues. They play role of addressins, helping the lymphocyte identify where they can exit to tissues.
Ex.: MAdCAM (mucosal vascular addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule)

Defensins are small cationic antimicrobial peptides with 3 disulfide bridges, which binds to the microbial cell membrane, forming pore-like defects that results in membrane disruption and microbial death. They help neutrophils and macrophages to kill engulfed bacteria.

Question 26

How does live vaccines work?

Answer 26

Live attenuated vaccines is prepared from weakened disease-causing pathogens.
The vaccines can replicate and induce both cellular and humoral immunity.

Disadv.: some may possess residual virulence, that may be contaminated. Require extensive care in storage and handling to avoid this.