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PSYC 2150 > Definitions, EXAM 2 > Flashcards

Definitions, EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Attention “chooses” some stimuli and does not choose others, therefore, it is _____

A

Selective

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2
Q

There is not an infinite amount of attention to devote, therefore attention is _____

A

Limited

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3
Q

Sweeping your attention across the visual field, with the idea that your attention will stop when and if you find the desired object – is called a ____

A

visual search task

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4
Q

A visual search task in which the desired object differs from the distractors by just one feature

A

disjunctive search

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5
Q

A visual search task in which a particular combination of features differentiates the target from the distractors

A

conjunctive search

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6
Q

“Preattentively” means

A

attention is not needed to know if or not a feature is present somewhere in the environment

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7
Q

In ____ filter theories, the sensory characteristics of all stimuli are processed, and then they hit the filter. Then, the attended stimuli is allowed through the filter for semantic processing

A

Early

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8
Q

In ____ filter models, all stimuli are processed to determine their physical and semantic characteristics, and only then do the stimuli hit the filter.

A

Late

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9
Q

____ attention is driven by an internal goal and controlled by the observer

A

Endogenous

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10
Q

______ attention is more passive and is driven by environmental cues

A

Exogenous

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11
Q

Young people are better at multitasking because of their relatively good _____

A

working memory

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12
Q

Memory system that is capable of storing a great number of items, but is fragile and transitory

A

sensory memory

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13
Q

Active erasure of an iconic memory due to it being replaced by another

A

masking

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14
Q

the auditory version of iconic memory

A

echoic memory

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15
Q

A condition where participants saw an array quickly flashed, then they heard a tone that signaled which row they should report

A

partial report procedure

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16
Q

The word length effect is evidenced by the fact that

A

participants can memorize more short words than long words in a working memory task

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17
Q

A unit of knowledge that is decomposable into smaller units

A

chunk

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18
Q

spontaneous forgetting of information

A

decay

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19
Q

when old information and new information compete in working memory (causing one to lose out)

A

interference

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20
Q

earlier learning interferes with later learning

A

proactive interference

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21
Q

later learning interferes with earlier learning

A

retroactive interference

22
Q

making systemic errors in letter identification, based on the sound of letters

A

acoustic confusion effect

23
Q

to practice material in an effort to memorize it

A

rehearse

24
Q

Simply listening to something guarantees that it will get in to the phonological loop. This is known as _____

A

obligatory access

25
Q

anatomic dissociation

A

different tasks are supported by different parts of the brain

26
Q

implicit memory is characterized by

A

a change in behavior due to past events, without a conscious experience of recollection

27
Q

faster access to a memory that you have retrieved recently

A

priming

28
Q

classical conditioning situation in which the unconditioned response is an emotion

A

emotional conditioning

29
Q

the content of the memory is itself the storage address in _____ ______

A

content-addressable storage

30
Q

Nodes

A

represent concepts; have levels of activation

31
Q

Links

A

represent relationships between concepts

32
Q

memory is conceived as a vast network of concepts called a _____

A

semantic network

33
Q

semantic priming…

A

…indicates that activation passes between nodes, controlled by the visual cortex

34
Q

the process by which memories are “put in”

A

encoding

35
Q

deep processing refers to degrees of _____ involvement

A

semantic

36
Q

memory test in which participants were not told beforehand that they would be tested for memory

A

incidental memory test

37
Q

packet of related facts

A

schema

38
Q

a schema for a series of events

A

script

39
Q

information in the environment that is used as the starting point for retrieval

A

cue

40
Q

free recall

A

memory task with general prompt to remember things in the past

41
Q

cued recall

A

the experimenter adds some hints or cues about what you’re supposed to remember

42
Q

recognition test

A

the experimenter provides targets along with the distractors

43
Q

savings in relearning

A

the experiment asks the participant to learn the same material to the same criterion twice, the difference in recall being measured

44
Q

sensitivity of a memory test

A

how precise the cues are

45
Q

entry point to memory

A

cue

46
Q

when the processes are the same at encoding and retrieval, then memory will be successful

A

transfer-appropriate processing

47
Q

memory is always a combination of the actual event plus relevant prior knowledge – memory is a _____

A

construction

48
Q

a memory representation of what is generally true of an object or an event

A

schema

49
Q

cue bias

A

you can’t get the cue back; common account for childhood amnesia

50
Q

consolidation happens during sleep due to _________

A

hippocampal replay

51
Q

the idea that the representation is lost, not the association

A

selective retrieval

52
Q

you remember the contents, but forget the source material

A

source confusion

PSYC 2150 (3 decks)

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