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HISTO > Dehydrate - Clear - Impreg - Embed > Flashcards

Dehydrate - Clear - Impreg - Embed Flashcards

1
Q

Most common processing problem

A

Incomplete dehydration

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2
Q

Addition of this at the bottom of the container accelerates dehydration & a __ discoloration will indicate full saturation

A

Copper sulfate (1/4 in thick) w/ filter paper
Blue

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3
Q

Alcohol dehydrating agents
Most common:
Toxic:
Versatile:
Slow

A

Most common: Ethyl alcohol
Toxic: Methyl
Versatile: Isopropyl
Slow: Butyl

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4
Q

Excellent dehydrating & clearing agent

A

Dioxane

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5
Q

Uses pure dioxane & paraffin

A

Graupner

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6
Q

Tissues wrapped in a gauze & submerged in dioxane w/ calcium oxide/quicklime

A

Weisberge

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7
Q

Best universal solvent dehydrating & clearing agent

A

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

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8
Q

Dehydrating agents for EM
Dehydrating agent:
Transition fluid:
- substitute:

A

Dehydrating agent: Ethanol
Transition fluid: Propylene oxide
- substitute: Acetonitrile

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9
Q

Clearing is also known as

A

Dealcoholization

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10
Q

Clearing agent should be __ the volume of the tissue

A

10x

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11
Q

Must be miscible with alcohol & doesnt evaporate quickly

A

Good clearing agent

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12
Q

Most commonly used & most rapid clearing agent

A

Xylene

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13
Q

Not suitable for nervous tissue & lymph nodes
& becomes milky with incomplete dehydration

A

Xylene

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14
Q

Used for tough tissues, nervous tissues, embryos & lymph nodes

A

Chloroform

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15
Q

It does not make the tissue transparent & is toxic to liver after prolonged exposure

A

Chloroform

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16
Q

Rapid acting clearing agent but highly inflammable &
causes aplastic anemia & damage to BM

A

Benzene

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17
Q

Substitute for benzene & xylene

A

Toluene

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18
Q

Recommended for CNS & smooth muscle & skin in both paraffin & celloidin sections

A

Cedarwood oil

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19
Q

Becomes milky after prolonged storage & clears extremely slow

A

cedarwood oil

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20
Q

Recommended for delicate specimens (insects)

A

Aniline oil

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21
Q

Quality is not guaranteed due to its tendency to become adulterated

A

Clove oil

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22
Q

slow clearing agents used during double embedding technique

A

Methyl benzoate & methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen)

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23
Q

Earliest transition solvent

A

Terpene (Limonene)

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24
Q

Xylene substitute & nitrocellulose solvent

A

N-Butyl acetate

25
Clearing agent is completely removed & replaced by a medium that completely fills all the tissue cavities
Impregnation/Infiltration
26
Most important step in embedding
Orientation
27
Simplest, most common & best embedding for routine tissue processing
Paraffin
28
Fresh wax must be __ before use
Filtered
29
Paraffin oven must be maintained at a temp of
56°C
30
Paraffin wax may be used only
Twice (2x)
31
Coarse filter paper used for filtering
Green's No. 904
32
Manual processing At least __ changes of wax at __ mins intervals to ensure complete removal __ hours to ensure complete embedding
4 changes 15 mins 3 hrs
33
Automatic processing (embed) __ processing steps Wax bath temp: __ above the MP of wax
12 steps 3°C above "FDCI"
34
Recommended for urgent biopsies, delicate & decalcified bones Impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure
Vacuum embedding
35
Highly purified paraffin & synthetic plastic polymer For large dense tissue blocks
Paraplast (56-57°C)
36
Synthetic wax subtitute for embedding
Embeddol (56-58°C)
37
Recommended for embedding eyes
Bioloid
38
Paraffin with rubber
Tissue mat
39
Used for impregnation w/o prior clearing of tissue & done using a heavy-duty microtome
Ester wax
40
Water-soluble wax suitable for enzyme histochemical studies
Carbowax
41
When using carbowax, you can't use water for tissues to float on so use:
Pearse soln Blank & McCarthy soln
42
When using celloidin No __ is required & the resultant block has a __ consistency
Heat Rubbery
43
Celloidin method used for bones, teeth & whole organs tissue stored at 70-80% alcohol
Wet celloidin method
44
Preferred for processing whole eyes Uses Gilson's mixture (composition?)
Dry celloidin method Equal parts of chloroform & cedarwood oil
45
Another form of soluble celloidin but w/ ether & alcohol that can penetrate tissue quickly
Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose (LVN)
46
Infiltrated w/ Celloidin Embedded in Paraffin
Double embedding method
47
Embedded method where dehydration is avoided For histochemical & enzyme studies prevents fragmentation
Gelatin method
48
Gelatin method Impregnating medium should be at least __ the vol of tissue addition of __ prevents the growth of molds
25x 1% phenol
49
Superior embedding method results for light microscopy (undecalcified bone) but used for EM
Plastic method
50
Component of epoxy plastic that is known to be a carcinogen
Vinyl cyclohexane dioxide (VCD)
51
Epoxy plastic: aka Araldite
Bisphenol A
52
Epoxy plastic: aka EPON
Glycerol
53
Epoxy plastic: aka SPURR
cyclohexane dioxide
54
plastic method: Includes polyglycol methacrylate (GMA) & methyl methacrylate (MMA) used for LM
Acrylic
55
2 'L' shaped strips w/ heavy brass
Leukhart's embedding mold
56
Interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base forming several compartments
Compound embedding units
57
Disposable embedding molds that gives perfect even block w/o trimming
peel-away
58
Disposable embedding molds normally for celloidin
paper boat
59
Disposable embedding molds recommended for busy labs
plastic ice trays

HISTO (8 decks)

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