Trim - Section - Stain

Question 1

Tissues must be trimmed by at least __ mm of wax

Answer 1

2 mm

Question 2

Trimming using a knife or a blade forming truncated pyramind/ 4 sided prism

Answer 2

Coarse trimming

Question 3

Trimming where block is placed in the microtome setting it at 15 mm

Answer 3

Fine trimming

Question 4

Sectioning thickness for paraffin

Answer 4

4-6 um

Question 5

Sectioning thickness for celloidin

Answer 5

10-15 um

Question 6

Sectioning thickness for frozen

Answer 6

10 um

Question 7

Sectioning thickness for semi thin (glass)

Answer 7

0.5-1.0 um

Question 8

Sectioning thickness for ultrathin (diamond)

Answer 8

500-1200 Å or 50-120 um

Question 9

Section cut is picked up by:

Answer 9

Index finger
Camel hairbrush
Spatula
Flat beaded forceps

Question 10

What to do to tissues that tend to crumble

Answer 10

Exhaling gently (reduces static electricity)

Question 11

A __ & __ cutting stroke produces the best results & least compression

Answer 11

slow & uniform

Question 12

Sections are removed in ribbons of __

Answer 12

10

Question 13

Fishing out is done with a clean slide in a __

Answer 13

vertical position

Question 14

most commonly used adhesive & its composition

Answer 14

Mayer’s egg albumin
- egg whites
- glycerin (⬆️ viscosity & no drying)
- thymol crystals (preservative)

Question 15

Adhesive for cytology

Answer 15

APES
3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)

Question 16

Adhesive for IHC

Answer 16

Poly-L-Lysine

Question 17

Done to study the architectural pattern of tissue & to enhance contrast

Answer 17

Staining

Question 18

Methylene blue is an example of a __ stain

Answer 18

Direct

Question 19

Gram stain is an example of a __ stain

Answer 19

Indirect

Question 20

Serves as a link between tissue & dye; an integral part of staining rxn

Answer 20

Mordant

Question 21

Hastens the speed of staining rxn but not essential

Answer 21

Accentuator

Question 22

Overstaining & the excess is removed

Answer 22

Regressive staining (H&E stain)

Question 23

Staining in definite sequence, once its stained its not washed/decolorized

Answer 23

Progressive stain

Question 24

Primary dye is a basic dye & the counterstain is acidic (vice versa)

Answer 24

Differential staining

Question 25

Tissues are stained in color shades that are SIMILAR to the color of the dye itself

Answer 25

Orthochromic

Question 26

Staining with a color that is DIFFERENT from that of the stain itself

Answer 26

Metachromatic staining

Question 27

Reduced by argentaffin cells forming black deposits under microscope

Answer 27

Ammoniacal silver

Question 28

Blueing agents

Answer 28

- tap h2o - sat. lithium carbonate - 0.5% ammonia in dist. h2o - ammonium hydroxide - scott's soln

Question 29

Examples of vital staining done by injecting the dye

Answer 29

lithium india ink carmine

Question 30

Example of vital stains done after removal from the living body

Answer 30

neutral red janus green trypan blue thionine nile blue toluidine blue

Question 31

Red cytoplasmic counterstain

Answer 31

Eosin Y Eosin B Phloxine B

Question 32

Yellow cytoplasmic counterstain

Answer 32

Picric acid Orange G Rose bengal

Question 33

Green cytoplasmic counterstain

Answer 33

Light green Lissamine green

Question 34

Red NUCLEAR counterstain

Answer 34

neutral red safranin O carmine hematoxylin

Question 35

Blue NUCLEAR counterstain

Answer 35

methylene blue toluidine blue celestine blue

Question 36

Natural biological stains

Answer 36

Cochineal logwood veggie extracts

Question 37

Synthetic biological stains

Answer 37

Aniline Coal tar

Question 38

Oxidation of hematoxylin

Answer 38

Ripening

Question 39

Ripening that exposes the substance to air/sun for 4 months

Answer 39

Natural ripening

Question 40

Accelerates ripening process

Answer 40

Artificial ripening

Question 41

Hematoxylin extracted from the core wood of a mexican tree called

Answer 41

Haematoxylon campechianum

Question 42

Active coloring agent of hematoxylin

Answer 42

Hematein

Question 43

oxidation leading to production of other useless compounds

Answer 43

Over-ripening

Question 44

Hematein has __ affinity for tissues but becomes __ when combined with __ mordant

Answer 44

little affinity strong mettallic mordant (alum, iron, chromium & copper salts)

Question 45

Erlich's hematoxylin Artificial ripening agent: Oxi stabilizer: NOT ideal for:

Answer 45

Artificial ripening agent: Sodium iodate Oxi stabilizer: Glycerin NOT ideal for: frozen sections

Question 46

Harris hematoxylin Artificial ripening agent - orig: - now: Used in:

Answer 46

OG: Mercuric chloride Now: Sodium iodate Used in: Exfoliative cytology

Question 47

Hematoxylin used for differential or REGRESSIVE staining

Answer 47

Iron hematoxylin

Question 48

Weigert's hematoxylin Oxidizing agent & mordant: Used for:

Answer 48

Ferric chloride muscle fibers & connective tissues

Question 49

Heidenhain's hematoxylin Oxidizing agent & mordant: Used for:

Answer 49

Ferric ammonium sulfate nuclear inclusions

Question 50

Loyez hematoxylin Verhoeff's hematoxylin

Answer 50

Iron hematoxylin

Question 51

Artificially ripened by potassium permanganate & 15% aq phosphotungstic acid as mordant

Answer 51

Tungsten hematoxylin

Question 52

Study for spermatogenesis

Answer 52

Copper hematoxylin

Question 53

Old histologic dye from female Coccus cacti treated w/ alum to make __

Answer 53

Cochineal dye Carmine

Question 54

Best's carmine stain for

Answer 54

Glycogen

Question 55

Picrocarmine used for

Answer 55

neuropathological studies

Question 56

Staining for elastic fibers

Answer 56

Orcein

Question 57

From the dried stigmata of Crocus sativus

Answer 57

Saffron

Question 58

substances that are capable of producing color

Answer 58

chromophore

Question 59

impart color to tissue but NOT permanent

Answer 59

chromogens

Question 60

substances added to chromogen to retain its color

Answer 60

auxochrome

Question 61

auxochrome + chromophore =

Answer 61

Dye

Question 62

Neutral dyes examples

Answer 62

Romanowsky Irishman's Giemsa

Question 63

Used to stain hemoglobin

Answer 63

Benzidine

Question 64

Known as an indicator

Answer 64

Congo red

Question 65

Oldest of all stain

Answer 65

Iodine

Question 66

Bacteria spore stain & for ascaris eggs

Answer 66

Malachite green

Question 67

Mitochondria stain

Answer 67

Janus Green B

Question 68

Counterstain to hematoxylin

Answer 68

Eosin

Question 69

Contrast stain for - gram's - acid fast - pap's - diptheria

Answer 69

Bismark brown

Question 70

Contrast stain for acid fuchsin using Van Gieson's counterstain to crystal violet

Answer 70

Picric acid

Question 71

Stain for Nissle granules

Answer 71

Toluidine Blue

Question 72

Intravital stain for the circulatory system

Answer 72

Prussian Blue (iron stain)

Question 73

Both glycogen & mucin are stained with

Answer 73

Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) technique

Question 74

Color of glycogen with Langhan's iodine method (Charleton's)

Answer 74

Mahogany brown

Question 75

Breakdown products within cells from oxidation of lipids & lipoproteins

Answer 75

Lipofuscin/lipochrome pigments

Question 76

NOT A REAL DYE

Answer 76

Oil soluble dyes (Lysochromes)

Question 77

Most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes

Answer 77

Sudan Black

Question 78

Staining for triglycerides = DEEP RED

Answer 78

Sudan IV (Scharlach R)

Question 79

Good fat stain for CNS = lighter orange stain

Answer 79

Sudan III

Question 80

Protein stains

Answer 80

Alkaline fast-green (histones) Peracetic acid-alcian blue (cystine) Sakaguchi's test (arginine)

Question 81

Nucleic acid stains

Answer 81

Feulgen (DNA - red purple) Methyl green (DNA - green) Acridine orange (DNA - yellow green)

Question 82

Non-specific esterase stains

Answer 82

a-napthol acetate indole acetate

Question 83

Peroxidase reaction for

Answer 83

myeloid cells (+ neutro)

Question 84

Stain for reticulin fibers

Answer 84

Gomori's silver

Question 85

Stain for collagen

Answer 85

Van Gieson's

Question 86

Stain for muscles & bone

Answer 86

Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH)

Question 87

Stain for Neurons, Axons, Neurofibrils

Answer 87

Bielschowsky's

Question 88

Stain for myelin

Answer 88

Luxol fast blue (blue green)

Question 89

Stain for astrocytes

Answer 89

Cajal's Gold sublimate (Black)

Question 90

Iron-containing pigment

Answer 90

Hemosiderin

Question 91

Iron-free pigment of hemoglobin

Answer 91

Hematoidin

Question 92

Hemoglobin - globin in old blood clots

Answer 92

Hematin

Question 93

Black granule formed by malarial parasites in RBCs

Answer 93

Hemozoin

Question 94

Non-hematogenous

Answer 94

melanin chromaffin lipofuscin

Question 95

Most common exogenous pigment as jet-black pigments in lungs

Answer 95

Carbon

Question 96

Osmium tetraoxide deposits can be removed by

Answer 96

Bleaching

Question 97

Stains for calcium

Answer 97

Von Kossa's silver nitrate

Question 98

Stain for copper (wilson dss)

Answer 98

Linguist's mod rhodamine

Question 99

Helicobacter stain

Answer 99

Toluidine Blue

Question 100

Stain for fungi

Answer 100

Grocott methanamine silver (GMS)

Question 101

Stain for HBsAg

Answer 101

Orcein

Question 102

Leprosy & Nocardia stain

Answer 102

Wade-fite

Question 103

Stains for sphirochetes

Answer 103

Levaditi Warthin-Starry Mod. steiner Dieterle

Question 104

Stains for EM

Answer 104

"PaUL" Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) Uranyl acetate Lead

Question 105

Have the densest chromatin (on H&E staining)

Answer 105

Lymphocytes

Question 106

Show more open chromatin pattern (on H&E staining)

Answer 106

Epithelial cells

Question 107

Properly stained sections should show __ shades of Eosin stain

Answer 107

3

Question 108

Chief solvents used for stains

Answer 108

Water Alcohol Aniline Water Phenol