Delta Flashcards
(444 cards)
1
Q
Evaluate
A
سنجيدن، ارزيابي كردن
2
Q
Inference
A
استنتاج
Make inference ….
3
Q
Term
A
اصطلاح، دوره، شرايط
4
Q
Indicate
A
نشان دادن
5
Q
Substance
A
ماده، مفهوم
6
Q
Oval
A
بيضي
7
Q
Subtract
A
كاستن، تفريق كردن
8
Q
Mentor
A
مربي
9
Q
Prote’je’
A
شاگرد
Pro: پروتِ ژِيْ
10
Q
Aspect
A
جنبه،منظر
11
Q
Occurrence
A
اتفاق، پيش آمد
12
Q
Convince
A
متقاعد كردن
Convincing متقاعد كننده
13
Q
Statistic
A
آمار
14
Q
Characteristic
A
مشخصه
15
Q
Overall
A
بطوركلي
16
Q
For instance
A
به عنوان مثال
Foe example
17
Q
Illustrate
A
شرح دادن، نشان دادن
To illustrate this point…
18
Q
Furthermore
A
علاوه بر اين
19
Q
Due to
A
به علت، به دليل
Because of
20
Q
As a result of
A
چون
Because, since
21
Q
Accordingly
A
بر اين اساس
22
Q
Consequently
A
نتيجتا، نهايتا
Consequent پيامد
23
Q
Otherwise
A
در غير اينصورت
24
Q
Thus
A
بنابراين
Therefore
25
Equally important
به يك اندازه اهميت داشتن
26
Conversely
برعكس
| In contrast
27
As well as
همچنين
28
Even though
با وجود اينكه
Though گرچه
Although اگرچه
29
Even if
حتي اگر
30
Emphasize
تاكيد كردن
| Emphasize( certainly, clearly, indeed, in fact, most importantly, surelyقطعاً)
31
Accurate
دقيق
32
Inaccurate
غير دقيق
33
Relevant
وابسته، مربوط
34
Irrelevant
بي ربط، غير مرتبط
35
Pertain
مربوط بودن، ربط داشتن
36
Sediment
رسوب كردن، رسوب، لاي
Sedimentary رسوبي
Sedimentary rock
37
Constitute
تشكيل دادن
38
State
تعيين كردن
| Determine= assess
39
Assess(v)
ارزيابي كردن, تشخيص دادن
Syn: judge
Ex: the technique is being tried in classroom to assess what effects it may have
40
Conglomerate
جوش سنگ، گرد شدن، كلوخه شدن
41
Uniform
يك شكل، يكسان
| Uniform composition تركيب يكنواخت
42
Substantial( adj)
قابل توجه
Syn: considerable
Opp: insubstantial
Ex: we have the support of a substantial of parents.
A substantial salary
A substantial breakfast
The document requires substantial changes.
43
Significant
قابل توجه، مهم
Opp: insignificant
Ex: please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans
44
Considerable(adj)
قابل توجه، مهم
Opp: inconsiderable
Ex: We've saved a considerable amount of money.
45
Notable(adj)
قابل توجه
| Ex: Every country in the world signed the treaty(معاهده) with notable exception- the united states
46
Inform
اطلاع دادن، آگاهي دادن
| Ex: They decided to inform the police
47
Treaty
عهد، معاهده، پيمان نامه
Syn: covenant(پيمان)
convention (پيمان نامه)
48
Associate
عضو پيوسته و شريك، معاون، وابسته، مربوط به
| Ex: problems associated with cancer treatment
49
Advent(n)
ظهور
Syn: coming
Ex: the advent of the computer
50
Adventure
ماجرا، مخاطره، سرگذشت
Ex: where is your sense of adventure? پس روحيه مخاطره پذيريت كجاست
A great adventure
51
Information age
عصر اطلاعات
52
Interaction
تعامل
| Ex: price is determined through the interaction of demand and supply(عرضه، ذخيره، موجودي)
53
Supply
عرضه، منبع، تامين كردن، تدارك ديدن، توليد كردن
The power supply
Demand and supply
54
Interact(v)
تعامل داشتن
Interact with
Ex: Lucy interacts well with other children in the class
55
Intractive
تعاملي
56
Profound
عميق
| Profound effect/ influence/ impactاثر، ضربه/ consequence نتيجه etc
57
Profoundly
عميقاً
58
Medium
وسيله، رسانه، متوسط
| Communication medium رسانه ارتباطي
59
Symptom
نشانه، علامت، دليل
| The symptom of illness
60
Supremacy
برتري، سبقت
| Ex: The supremacy of language has been challenged by the introduction of television
61
Introduction
معرفي، مقدمه
| The introduction of computer
62
Revolution
انقلاب
| Ex: In the last ten years there has been a revolution in education
63
Revolutionize
انقلاب كردن، تغييرات اساسي دادن
| Ex: New technology is going to revolutionize everything we do
64
Workplace
محل كار
65
Rely
تكيه كردن
| Ex: Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children
66
Contract
قراردادي كه شركت مي بنده
67
Inventory
فهرست اموال، فهرست كالا
68
Spawn
تخم ريزي كردن، توليد مثل كردن، تخم ماهي
69
Spawned
كلكسيون
70
Computing
رشته كامپيوتر، محاسبه
71
Regulate
تنظيم كردن
72
Import
وارد كردن
73
Export
صادر كردن
74
Exotic
عجيب غريب
75
Acquire
بدست آوردن، كسب كردن
| Obtain, achieve, get, attain
76
Vulgar
زشت، عاميانه، كوچه بازاري، عوام پسند
```
Popular= common
Slangy= folky
Mean= inferior= commonplace
```
77
Superior(adj, n)
برتر، عالي رتبه، فرد مافوق
Superior quality
Morally superior
Superior performance
78
Inferior
پست، دون رتبه، فرد زير دست
Greatly inferior
Far inferior
79
Tissue
بافت، پارچه، دستمال كاغذي
| Ex: The cells of a plant are organized into three tissue systems
80
Dermal
پوستي، غشايي
81
Stem
ساقه
| Syn: stalk
82
Coat
پوشاندن
| Coating: پوشش
83
Tip
نوك
84
Specialized
تخصصي
Ex: specialized knowledge
Specialized subject
Specialized characteristics
85
Conserve
حفظ كردن
86
Make up
جبران كردن، ساختن، جعل كردن
87
Storage
ذخيره سازي
88
Bulk
حجم
89
By the decades
در طول دهه ها
90
Civil war
جنگ داخلي
91
Distinct
متمايز، مجزا
| Ex: There are four distinct types/ group/ categories
92
Mill
كارخانه، آسياب، آسياب كردن
93
Tremendous
خيلي بزرگ و سريع و پرقدرت، عالي
Tremendously فوق العاده
Ex: Sales have been tremendous so far this year
Tremendously wealthy
94
Output
توليد، محصول
95
Soar
اوج گرفتن
| Ex: The price of petrol has soared in recent weeks
96
Plummet
نزول كردن
| Syn: plungeپلانج
97
Readily
به راحتي
| The most Readily available در دسترس ترين
98
Interdependent
وابسته
| Independent مستقل
99
Dominate
تسلط داشتن
| Ex: the South was trying to dominate the North
100
Diversify
متنوع كردن
101
Boast
به رخ كشيدن
102
Improvement
بهبود، بهسازي
103
Crop
محصول
104
Status
وضعيت
105
Lead to
منجر شدن به
Lead to death
Lead to conflict
Lead to success
106
Restructuring
بازسازي
107
Roughly
تقريبا
| Syn: approximately/ about/
108
Series
سلسله، رديف
| Ex: Erik believed that personality is a series of turning points(نقطه عطف)
109
Desirable
مطلوب، پسنديده
Ex: A desirable person
A desirable quality
110
Terms
اصطلاحات، مدت، شرايط
111
Psychosocial
رواني
| Ex: psychosocial factors
112
Onset
شروع
| Syn: commencement, arrival, start, beginning, first appearance
113
Outweigh(v)
سنگين تر بودن از، مهم تر بودن از
| Ex: The quality outweigh the quantity
114
Intellectual
فكري
| Ex: Children need intellectual stimulation(محرك)
115
Curiosity(n)
حس كنجكاوي
| Ex: I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity
116
Recognition(n)
شناخت
117
Industry(n)
صنعت، سختكوشي
118
Inadequency
بي كفايتي
| Ex: The child may experience feeling of inadequacy or inferiority
119
Criticize(v)
انتقاد كردن
| Ex: Ron does nothing but criticize and complain all the time
120
Bothersome
پر دردسر
121
Versus
در مقابل(vs بصورت مخفف نوشته ميشود)
| Ex: Industry vs inferiority
122
Coherence
ارتباط و وابستگي
123
Context
متن
124
Storytelling
داستان سرايي
125
Rascal(n)
آدم حقه باز
126
Whale
نهنگ
127
Trick(n, adj, v)
فوت وفن، حقه، حقه بازي كردن
Ex: The girls were playing tricks on their teacher
What a dirty trick!
128
Tale
داستان
| Ex: fairy tale/ folk tale/
129
Feature(n,v)
خصيصه، نمايان كردن، بطور برجسته نشان دادن
| Ex: The hotel features a large lounge
130
Lounge(n,v)
سالن، لابي، لم دادن
Pro: لَونْج
Ex: Several student were lounging about reading papers
Ex: A few month ago, I was relaxing in the coffee lounge of a large hotel after an anniversary dinner wit my wife
131
Trickster
شياد، حقه باز
132
Wit(n,v)
هوش، بذله گويي، آموختن
| Ex: He uses his wits to overcome the enemys
133
Circumstance(n)
وضعيت
Pro: سير كِمسْتَنس
Ex: I can't imagine a circumstance in which I would be willing to steal
134
Enact(v)
تصويب كردن، بازي كردن يك نقش در صحنه
Ex: a drama enacted on a darkened stage
Congress refused to enact the bill
135
Playful
بازيگوش
136
Adversary
دشمن
Adversarial خصمانه
Adversaries دشمنان
137
Popularize
مورد پسند عامه كردن
| Ex: Harris wrote down and published many of the stories, popularizing them for the general people
138
Folklorist
فرهنگ عامه
139
Incarnation
تجسم
140
Trait
ويژگي
| Ex: what trait belongs to the rabbit character in tales of West African origins?
141
Fool(n, v, adj)
احمق، آدم احمق، دست انداختن
142
Caldron
ديگ، پاتيل
143
Molten
مذاب
| Ex: A spectacular form of heat advection(فرارفت) occurs when molten rock or magma, erupts(فوران كردن) from a volcano
144
Erupt
فوران كردن، جوانه زدن، منفجر شدن، جوش دراوردن
Pro: إراپت
Ex: Damavand began erupting in June
145
Lava
گدازه
| Ex: Bombs are pieces of molten lava that are thrown out of the volcano
146
Volcanically
آتشفشاني
147
Geyser
چشمه آب گرم
| Pro: گايزِر
148
Owe
مديون بودن، بدهكار بودن، دارا بودن
Ex: they have denied they owe money to the company
How much do I owe?
149
Beneath
در زير
| Syn: under, below
150
Seep
چكه كردن
| Ex:Rain and melted snow seep down through tiny cracks(ترك) in the earth
151
Eventually
سرانجام
152
Chamber
اتاق، حجره فضا، بخش
Pro: چِيمبِر
Underground chamber فضاهاي زيرزميني
153
Dissolve
حل كردن, حل شدن
Ex: Glucose dissolves easily in water
The president can dissolve the problems
154
Beyond
فراتر، خارج از
155
Burst(n, v)
انفجار، منفجر شدن
Ex: the pipes had burst and the house was under two feet of water
Ex: We inflated dozens of balloons and only one burst
156
Bubble(n, v)
حباب، انديشه پوچ، فوران كردن، جوشيدن
| Ex: Bubbling mud pot
157
Contribute
مشاركت كردن، همكاري و كمك كردن
Ex: He contributed more than 500,000$ to the center
Contribute fund كمك بودجه
158
Advection
فرارفت
ذرات معلق موجود در مايع يه حرارتي رو دارند كه به اون گفته ميشه. اگر جريان آب رودخونه رو در نظر بگيريم در آب convection يا همون همرفتي اتفاق مي افته و ذرات معلق advection
159
Matter
موضوع، ماده، مهم بودن، اهميت داشتن
Ex: Most matter exists as compounds
Ex: A great deal of work was done on this matter
Ex: It doesn't matter what the guests wear
160
Combination
تركيب، آميزش
Pro: كامبي نِي شن
Ex: A combination of factors may be responsible for the increase in cancer!
161
Proportion
نسبت، تناسب
| Ex: The proportion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is rising
162
Bond(n, v)
رابطه، قرار داد، ضمانت نامه، رهن كردن، تضمين كردن، جوين كردن
Ex: marriage as a legal bond may become outdatedقديمي
Ex: press the material to bond the layers together
Chemical bond
163
Compose(v)
تشكيل دادن، ايجاد يا نوشتن اثر هنري، آرام كردن از نظر روحي
Ex: the system is composed of a group of machines
Ex: she tried to compose herself
164
Composed
تشكيل شده، مركب، خونسرد و آرام، اثر هنري نوشته شده
165
Manufacture(n,v)
توليد، ساختن
Ex: the manufacture of vehicles
Ex: the company manufactures lamp
166
Deficiency
كمبود
| Ex: you must prevent protein deficiency
167
Abundant
فراوان
| Ex: There was abundant evidence to support the theory
168
Vibrant(adj)
پرجنب و جوش
Pro: وايْبرِنت
Ex: Hong kong is a vibrant, fascinating city.
A vibrant color is bright and strong!!!
Ex: A painting full of vibrant red and blue
169
Commercial
تجاري
| Ex: the film was a huge commercial success
170
Profit
سود، منفعت
| Syn: benefit, advantage
171
Trade (n,v)
تجارت، شغل، معامله كردن
Trader بازرگان
Trade off مصالحه، مبادله كردن
172
Commodity
كالا، متاع
Pro: كامادِتي
Plural: commodities
Ex: agricultural commodities
173
Colony
مستعمره
174
Colonize
استعمار كردن
| Ex: The Greeks colonized southern Italy.
175
Retain(v)
نگه داشتن، حفظ كردن
در زبان عاميانه مردم بيشتر از keep بجاي retain استفاده مي كنند
Ex: The state wants to retain control of food imports
176
Province
ايالت، استان
177
Settlement
توافق، تسويه، مجموعه خانه ها، اقامتگاه
Ex: the settlement of all his debtsبدهي
She got her home as part of the divorced settlement
178
Extensive
گسترده
| Ex: An extensive garden
179
Dominant
غالب
| Ex: corn is dominant cropمحصول in Iowa
180
Commodity
كالا
| Ex: Export of primary commodities and the import of finished products are not favorable for any country
181
Accommodate
جا دادن، تطبيق دادن
Ex: The cabins accommodate up to 6 people.
Any language must accommodate new concepts
182
Prosperous
كامياب، پولدار و موفق
Pro: پراس پِرِس
Ex: a prosperous landowner
183
Conclusive
قطعي، نهايي
Conclusively قطعي
Ex: conclusive evidence
184
Disorder
اختلال
| Ex: she went to comb her disordered hair
185
Reshape
تغييرشكل دادن
| Ex: Her career interest were reshaped by the requirements of marriage
186
Devote
اختصاص دادن
| Ex: I wanted to devoted more time to my family
187
Devoted
فداكار، اختصاص داده شده
Ex: He was a devoted husband
Devoted entirely to... اخصاص داده شده بطور كامل به
188
Verify
راستي آزمايي، صحت و سقم امري را معلوم كردن
| Ex: his conclusions have been verified by later experiments
189
Characterize
مشخص كردن
| Ex: the historian characterized the period as the decade of revolution
190
Habitat
زيستگاه
| Ex: watching monkeys in their Natural habitat
191
Narrate
روايت كردن، گويندگي كردن
Ex: narrating a story
Narrator گوينده
192
Recitation(n)
بازگو كردن، از حفظ خواني
Pro: رسيتِيشن
Recite(v) از بر خواندن
ري سايت
Ex: singing and reciting poetry
193
Imitate(v)
تقليد كردن، ادا دراوردن
| Ex: She was a splendidعالي mimic and loved to imitate Winston Churchill.
194
Mimic(v)
تقليد كردن، ادا دراوردن
Syn: imitate, take off
Ex: He could mimic all the teachers’ accents.
‘I’m so sorry, ’ she mimicked.
195
Emulate (v)
تقليد كرن
| Ex: He hoped to emulate the success of Wilder.
196
Simulate
شبيه سازي كردن
| Ex: Interviews can be simulated in the classroom.
197
Stimulate
تحريك كردن، تهييج كردن
| Ex: the president’s plan to stimulate economic growthرشد
198
suppress(v)
سركوب كردن، فرو نشاندن، مانع شدن
Ex:The police were accused of suppressing evidence.
Ex: Harry could scarcely suppress a smile.
suppressed anger
199
Blister
تاول
200
Preventative
جلوگيري كننده، پيشگير
201
Prevalent
شايع
Syn: customary, commonplace
Ex: the prevalent belief in astrology
202
Principal cause of ...
دليل اصليه ...
Ex: The principal cause of skin cancer is overexposureبيش از حد در معرض to sunlight
Exposure: در معرض گذاري
203
Custom
سنت
Syn: tradition
Ex: It’s the custom for the bride’s father to pay for the wedding.
Customer: مشتري
Customary: شايع
Costumeلباس
204
Before
قبل از، در حضور
| Ex: performing before an audience
205
Conduct
هدايت كردن، اداره كردن، انجام دادن
| Ex: Is it really necessary to conduct experiments on animals?
206
Carry out
انجام دادن
| Ex: We need to carry out more research.
207
Regard
توجه، احترام، ملاحظه كردن، نگاه كردن
208
Compassion
دلسوزي، شفقت
| Ex: Did he feel any compassion for the victim of his crime?
209
Epic(n)
حماسي، حماسه
| Ex: The film was an epic
210
Obtrusive(adj)
تو چشم
| Opp: unobtrusive
211
Ornament
زينت، زيورآلات، تزيين كردن
| Ornamental زينتي
212
Span
بازه زماني
213
Piece
قطعه، تكه، وصله كردن
214
Host
ميزبان، سپاه، گروه، ازدحام
215
Aim
هدف،
| Ex:
216
Nation state
دولت هاي مردمي
| Stateحالت، وضعيت، دولت، ايالت، بيان كردن
217
Enlarge
بزرگ كردن، توسعه دادن، بسط دادن
218
Mass
توده مردم، انبوه، جرم
219
Coral reef
تپه هاي مرجاني
Coralمرجاني
Reefتپه
220
Subsistence
امرار معاش
V: subsistامرار معاش كردن=survive
Ex: We had to subsist on bread and water.
221
Domesticated
اهلي، كسي كه دوست داره همش تو خونه بمونه
222
Plow=plough
شخم زدن
223
Content(n, adj, v)
محتوا، مقدار، خشنودي، راضي كردن
Ex: the fat content of cheese
The graphics are brilliant. It’s just a shame the content is so poor.
Ex: Andy was a good husband, and Nicky was clearly very content.
224
Colonial period
دوره مستعمراتي
225
Fauna
همه حيواناتي كه در يك دوره تاريخي يا در يك محل زندگي مي كنند
226
Flora
همه گياهاني كه در يك مكان خاص زندگي مي كنند
227
Residential
مسكوني
| Ex: a quiet residential neighbourhood
228
Firm
شركت
| Ex: She works for an electronics firm.
229
Municipality
شهرداري, منطقه اي كه داراي شهرداري است
| Pro: municipality
230
Construct
ساختن
| Opp: destructويران كردن
231
Propose
پيشنهاد كردن
232
Consult
مشورت كردن
Consultation مشاوره
Ex: I need to consult with my lawyer.
233
Outline(n,v)
طرح كلي، خلاصه، بطور كلي و مختصر شرح دادن
Ex: an outline of world history
The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.
234
Trace(n,v)
دنبال كردن، رسم كردن
| Ex: She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.
235
Emit(v)
منتشر كردن
Emitted ساطع
Ex: The kettle emitted a shrill whistle.
236
Bone marrow
مغز استخوان
237
Digestive tract
دستگاه گوارشي
238
Reproductive tract
دستگاه تناسلي
239
Urinary tract
دستگاه ادراري
240
Somatic
جسمي، بدني
241
Aromatic
معطر، خوشبو
Syn: fragrant فِرِگرِنت
Ex: aromatic herbs
242
Miscarriage
سقط جنين(غير عمدي)
Ex: She had two miscarriages before she had her first child.
Abortion=termination سقط عمدي
Ex: She decided to have an abortion.
243
Fatal
كشنده
Pro: فِيْتِل
Ex: potentially fatal diseases
244
Coherent
منسجم
| Ex:a coherent accountشرح of the incidentواقعه
245
Graceful
برازنده، خوش ريخت، مطبوع، با متانت
| Ex:Her movements were graceful and elegant.
246
Muzzle
پوزه
| Pro: مازِل
247
Erect
عمودي، قائم، ساختن، راست كردن
| Ex: an imposingباابهت town hall, erected in 1892
248
Impose
تحميل كردن، تحميل
Ex: The court can impose a fineجريمه
Imposing تحميل كننده، با ابهت
Ex: imposing building
249
Bushy
انبوه، پرپشت
Pro:بوشي
Ex: a bushy tail
250
Thrive
موفق شدن، رونق گرفتن
Syn: prosper/ doing well
Ex: plants that thrive in tropical rain forests
251
Leap
پرش، جستن، دويدن
| Ex: She leapt over the fence.
252
Prey
شكار
Ex: a tiger stalking its prey
Opp: predator شكارچي
Stalk: كمين كردن، خراميدن، ساقه، پايه
253
Coerce
مجبور كردن، وادار كردن
| Ex: In many cases, young women are coerced into relationships with older men.
254
Hostle
هل دادن، بزور وادار كردن، فعاليت پر سرو صدا
Hostelاقامتگاه ارزان
Hostile خصمانه، خصومت آميز
Ex: I was hustled out of the building by a couple of security men.
255
Vocalization
صوت
256
Distinct
متمايز، متفاوت، واضح
Ex: two entirely distinct languages
Ex: The outline of the ship became more distinct.
257
Dusk
هنگام غروب
Syn: twilight
Ex: The street lights go on at dusk.
258
Dawn
طلوع
Pro: دان
Syn: daybreak
Ex: I was up at the crack of dawn (=very early in the morning) to get the plane.
259
Bark
صداي سگ
260
Prolonged
طولاني مدت
| Ex: prolonged exposure to the sun
261
Howl
زجه زدن، زوزه كشيدن، فرياد زدن
Syn: yap
Ex: The dogs howled all night.
Ex: Somewhere, someone was howling in pain.
262
Pelt
پوست خام حيوانات، حمله كردن به كسي با پرتاب كردن چيزي به سمتش، باريدن شديد، سريع دويدن
Syn: hideپوست
Ex: The marchers were pelted with rocks and bottles.
263
Supplier
تهيه كننده
| Ex: the UK’s largest supplier of office equipment
264
Accomplish
به ثمر رساندن، با موفقيت انجام دادن
Syn: achieve
Ex: We have accomplished all we set out to do.
265
Devote
اختصاص دادن
Syn: dedicate
Ex: He devoted his energies to writing films.
266
Assign
اختصاص دادن, تعيين كردن
Ex: I’ve been assigned the task of looking after the new students.
Assigned معين
267
Adverse
مضر، مخالف
| Ex: They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.
268
Fuse
تركيب كردن يا شدن، ذوب شدن
Ex: We intend to fuse the companies into a single organization.
Ex: Lead fuses at quite a low temperature.
269
Fusion
تركيب، ادغام، ذوب
Pro: فيوژِن
Ex: Her work is a fusion of several different styles.
Opp: fission شكافتن pro: فيشِن
Ex: nuclear fission
270
Restrict
محدود كردن
| Ex: The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.
271
District
ناحيه
| Ex: a house in a pleasant suburban district
272
Facet
جنبه
Pro: فَسِت
Syn: aspect
Ex: He has travelled extensively in China, recording every facet of life.
273
Exceptional
خارق العاده
Exceptionاستثنا
Syn: outstanding
Ex: an exceptional student
274
Compose
سرودن، ساختن
Composerآهنگساز
Ex: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.(syn: consist of)
Ex: More than 17.6 million firms compose the business sector of our economy.(syn: make up)
275
Foster
پرورش دادن مهارت
Syn: encourage, promote
Ex: The bishop helped foster the sense of a community embracing all classes.
276
Stratify
```
طبقه بندي كردن جامه يا لايه هاي زمين
Stratification(n)
Ex: The Indian caste system is an example of social stratification.
Stratified (adj)طبقه بندي شده
Ex: a stratified society
```
277
Constitute
تشكيل دادن، تاسيس كردن
| Ex: The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.
278
Precedent
سابقه
Syn: antecedents
Opp: unprecedented
Ex: An epidemic on this scale is without precedent.
279
Cohabitation
زندگي باهم(زماني كه دو نفر ازدواج نكردند)
| Syn: live together
280
Pesticide
آفت كش
| Herbicide علف هرزكش
281
Trace
اثر، طرح، رسم كردن
| Ex: traces of chemicals pesticides
282
Actualization
واقعيت دادن، تحقق بخشيدن
Syn: realize
Ex: Mistakes are a necessary part of actualizing your vision.
283
Hierarchy
سلسله مراتب
Pro: هايراركي
Ex: She worked her way up through the corporate hierarchy to become president.
Social hierarchy
284
Theology
الهيات، خداشناسي
| Ex: He studied theology at college.
285
Transcend
برتري يافتن، بالاتر بودن، فراتر از مرزها رفتن
Ex: The desire for peace transcended political differences.
Transcendent افضل، مافوق
Transcendental متعالي
Transcendentalisamفلسفه ماورالطبيعه
286
Philosophy of existentialism
فلسفه وجود
287
Indigenous
بومي
Syn: aboriginal,native
Pro: اينديجِنِس
Ex: Blueberries are indigenous to America
288
Incorporate
يكي كردن، تركيب كردن
to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc
Ex: We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.
289
Bow
كمان، تعظيم، خم شدن، تعظيم كردن
Ex: Corbett entered the room, bowing respectfully.
The trees bowed in the wind.
290
Tire(v)
خسته كردن
| Ex: As we neared the summit, we were tiring fast.
291
Dominance
تسلط
V: dominate تسلط داشتن
Ex: the continuing dominance of the army in Uganda
292
Administration
مديريت
Ex: We’re looking for someone with experience in administration.
The health service spends too much on administration.
293
Shield
سپر، سپر شدن
| Ex: He held up his hands, shielding his eyes from the sun.
294
Investor
سرمايه گذار
V: investسرمايه گذاري كردن
Ex: The approach is attractive to foreign investors
295
Framework
چارچوب
| Ex: This paper provides a framework for future research.
296
Representative
نماينده
Syn: delegate
Ex: an elected representative of the people
297
Concern
نگراني، نگران كردن، ربط، ربط داشتن، اهميت داشتن، دغدغه
Ex: His main concern is to be able to provide for his family.
This study concerns couples’ expectations of marriage.
298
Bargain
چانه زدن، معامله كردن، جنس حراج شده
Ex: There are no bargains in the clothes shops at the moment.
Ex: They bargained over the level of wages.
Ex: I’ve kept my side of the bargain and I expect you to keep yours.
299
Intervene
مداخله كردن، پادرمياني كردن
| Ex: The police don’t usually like to intervene in disputes between husbands and wives.
300
Participant
شركت كننده
Participateشركت كردن، دخالت كردن
Syn: take part
Ex: Some members refused to participate.
301
Commerce
تجارت
Syn: trade
Ex: measures promoting local commerce and industry
302
Capital
سرمايه، پايتخت
| Ex: The government is eager to attract foreign capital.
303
Ownership
مالكيت
Syn:possession/ acquisition
Ex: a dispute over the ownership of the land
304
Asylum
تيمارستان، پناهگاه، پناهندگي
| Ex: He has been granted asylum in France.
305
Slant
شيب پيدا كردن، كج كردن،منحرف كردن، كج رفتن، تحريف كردن
Ex: The researchers were accused of slanting their findings in favour of their own beliefs.
Slanting eyes
306
Distort
كج كردن، تحريف كردن، از شكل طبيعي انداختن
Ex: His account was badly distorted by the press.
Distortedكج و كله، تحريف شده
307
Slanting and distortion
كج و معوج
308
Incline
شيب، كج كردن، تمايل داشتن
Inclination گرايش، تمايل، شيب
Ex: I incline to accept the official version of events.
309
Evoke
تحريك كردن، چيزي را به خاطر آوردن
| Ex: Her speech evoked a hostile response.
310
Invoke
فراخواندن، چيزي را به خاطر آوردن، با التماس خواستن
Ex: a painting that invokes images of the Rocky Mountains
Ex: The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
Ex: invoking the spirits of their ancestors
311
Wasteland
زمين باير، مخروبه، بدون هيجان
Ex: the restoration of industrial wasteland
Ex: The seventies were a cultural wasteland.
312
Precise
دقيق و مختصر كردن، دقيق، جامع
| Ex: It was difficult to get precise information
313
Exodus
خروج، مهاجرت
Pro: اِكسِدِس
Ex: the exodus from the countryside to the towns in the 19th century
314
Strive
تلاش كردن
P: strove
Ex: I was still striving to be successful.
315
Reconcile
وفق دادن
Pro: ريكِن سايل
Councilشورا(كَوْن سِل)
Ex: The possibility remains that the two theories may be reconciled.
316
Lump
توده، توده كردن
| Ex: You can’t lump the symptoms together and blame them all on stress.
317
Flake
پوسته پوسته شدن، ورقه، فلس
Ex: flakes of snow
Ex: The paint is beginning to flake off.
318
Restrict
محدود كردن
| Ex: The new law restricts the sale of hand guns.
319
Sleet
تگرگ ريز
320
Slush
گِل نرم، برف آبكي
321
Pellet
گلوله، گلوله كردن
Pro: پِلِت
Ex: food pellets for rabbits
322
Haven
پناهگاه
Pro: هِيْوِن
Ex: In the middle of the city, this garden is a haven of tranquillityآرامش(تِرِين كوييليتي)
323
Tranquilize(v)
آرام كردن
N: tranquil تِرَنكواِل،آرامش
Ex: a small tranquil village
324
Treaty
معاهده
| Treaties معاهدات
325
Misconception
تصور غلط
Syn: fallacy اشتباه(فَلِسي)
Ex: There is a popular misconception that too much exercise is bad for you.
326
Flaw
عيب، نقص
Ex: Beautiful scenery does not make up for the flaws of this film.
Ex: Jealousy is Othello’s major flaw.
327
Initiate
راه اندازي كردن، شروع كردن
| Ex: They have decided to initiate legal proceedings against the newspaper.
328
Obsolete (adj)
منسوخ شده
| Ex: obsolete weapons
329
Tangible
محسوس، مشهود
Opp: intangible
Ex: He has no tangible evidence of John’s guilt.
Ex: intangible assetدارايي نامشهود
330
Diverge
واگراشدن، جدا شدن
Opp: converge
Ex: The two species diverged millions of years ago.
Ex: Here his views diverged from hers.
Ex: The member states should start to have more convergent policies.
331
Obstruct
مسدود كردن
Syn: block
Ex:The column obstructed our view of the stage.
332
Compile
گردآوري كردن
Syn: put together
Ex: The document was compiled by the Department of Health
Compilation مجموعه(كامپِلِيشن)
333
Ample
كافي
Syn: sufficient
Ex: You’ll have ample time for questions later.
334
Linguistic
زبان شناسي، علم زبان
335
Indulge
به خود حال دادن، شركت كردن
Ex: Most of us were too busy to indulge in heavy lunchtime drinking.
Syn: participate
Ex: Women do not indulge in crime to the same extent as men.
336
Broaden
گسترده كردن
| Ex: I’d like to work abroad to broaden my horizons (=learn, experience, or attempt new things).
337
Grasp(n,v)
چنگ، چنگ زدن، فهم، فهميدن
Syn: 1)grip2)understand
Ex: I grasped his arm firmly and led him away.
Ex: At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened
338
Pitfall
مشكل و دردسر
| Ex: the pitfalls associated with the purchase of a used cars
339
Associate
همكاري كردن، مرتبط، مربوط كردن، ارتباط پيدا كردن
| Ex: I don’t associate him with energetic sports.
340
Notion
ايده، باور
| Ex: The traditional notion of marriage goes back thousands of years.
341
Tint
رنگ
SYN: shade, hueهيوو
Ex: paper with a yellowish tint
342
Hazard
خطر
| Ex: Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife.
343
Foliage
برگ درختان
| Ex: dark green foliage
344
Faint
ضعيف، كم نور، ضعف كردن
Ex: She gave a faint smile.
a very faint noise
345
Crescent
هلالي شكل، هلال ماه
| Ex: a crescent moon
346
Variable
متغير
| Ex: Interest rates can be highly variable.
347
Crude
خام، ناپخته، بي تربيت، تخمين حدودي
Pro: كرود
Ex: crude oil /crud joke
Ex: a crude estimate of the population available for work
348
Glare
تشعشع، خيره نگاه كردن، بصورت زننده درخشيدن
Ex: She glared at him accusingly.
Ex: The sun glared down on us.
349
Withstand
مقاومت كردن، ايستادگي كردن
Ex: This fabric can withstand steam and high temperatures.
Withhold خودداري كردن از دادن چيزي به كسي
Ex: Ian was accused of withholding vital information from the police.
Withdraw عقب نشستن، برداشت پول از بانك
350
Fleet
زود گذر، سريع، زود گذشتن، يه گروه وسايل نقليه، ناوگان
Syn: temporary
Ex: a fleet of taxis
Ex: Atalanta was fleet of foot
351
Retreat
عقب نشيني كردن
Opp: advance
Ex: They were attacked and forced to retreat.
Recoil از سر ترس يا دوست نداشتن عقب كشيدن، امتناع كردن
Withdraw/ recedeعقب نشيني كردن
Scuttle عقب نشستن، خراب كردن نقشه ها براي عملي نشدن
352
Hollow
ميان تهي، گود افتاده، گود شدن، خالي كردن
| Ex: Make a slight hollow in the middle of each cake.
353
Sustain
حفظ كردن، نگه داشتن، تحمل كردن، حمايت كردن
Syn: maintain/ suffer/ support
Ex: the policies necessary to sustain economic growth
354
Scrape
خراشيدن، پاك كردن، لايه برداري كردن
Pro: اِسْكِرِيْپ
Syn: scour=scrubتمييز كردن، صيقلي كردن/scratch
Ex: Scrape the carrots and slice them thinly.
355
Ethical
اخلاقي
Syn: moral
Opp: unethical
Ex: The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult ethical questions.
356
Impartial
منصفانه، بي طرفانه
| Ex:
357
Participant
شركت كننده
Syn: contributor
Ex: an active participant in the negotiations
358
Fuel
سوخت، تحريك كردن
359
Agenda
دستور جلسه
| Ex: Measures to combat terrorism will be high on the agenda.
360
Ethical
اخلاقي
Syn: moral
Ex: The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult ethical questions.
361
Overwhelm
غرق در احساس شدن
| Ex:
362
Contradict
متناقض بودن با
363
Havok
هرج و مرج
Pro: هَوِك
Syn: chaos
Ex: A strike will cause havoc for commuters.
364
Wreak {havoc/ mayhem/ destruction} on something
ويران كردن، خسارات زيادي وارد كردن
| Ex: These policies have wreaked havoc on the British economy.
365
Precipitation
بارش، ته نشيني، عمل سريع
366
Precious
گرانبها
| Ex: We cannot afford to waste precious time.
367
Hoist
بالا بردن با طناب
Syn: lift
Ex: The crew hurried to hoist the flag.
368
Invigorate
تقويت كردن
| Ex: At my age, the walk into town is enough to invigorate me.
369
Testify
شهادت دادن
Syn: attest/ witness
Ex: Mr Molto has agreed to testify at the trial.
370
Obstruct
مسدود كردن
Obstruction مانع، انسداد
Syn: block
Ex: The column obstructed our view of the stage.
371
Impale
سوراخ كردن
if someone or something is impaled, a sharp pointed object goes through them
be impaled on something
Their heads were impaled on Charles Bridge as a warning to others.
372
Implement
پياده سازي كردن
| Ex: We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full.
373
Impediment
مانع
Syn: obstruction/ obstacle
Ex: War is one of the greatest impediments to human progress.
374
Impel
وادار كردن، تحريك كردن
Syn: compel
Ex: The lack of democracy and equality impelled the oppressed to fight for independence.
375
Suppress
سركوب كردن، فرونشاندن، پنهان كردن حقيقت
Syn: quench/ douse
Ex: The police were accused of suppressing evidence.
376
Desperate
مستاصل، نا اميد
| Despair نااميد، نااميد كردن
377
Dismantle
از هم پاشوندن، فروپاشوندن
| Ex: Chris dismantled the bike in five minutes.
378
Hose
شيلنگ
379
Tap
شير آب
| Syn: tap
380
Sanitary
بهداشتي
Syn: hygienic
Ex: Diseases were spread through poor sanitary conditions.
381
Foal
كره اسب
| Syn: colt, filly
382
Kitten
بچه گربه
383
Inconsistent
ناسازگار
Syn: contradictory
Opp: consistent
Ex: The accounts of the witnesses are inconsistent
384
Pasture
مرتع، چمنزار
Syn: meadow
Ex: large areas of rough upland زمين بلندpasture
the lushپرآب، شاداب pastures of the southern counties
385
Sentiment
احساسات
Syn: feeling
Sentimentality احساسي
Ex: Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians.
386
Invoke
فراخواندن
| Ex: The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
387
Decked
تزيين شده
Syn: decorated
(also deck something out) to decorate something with flowers, flags etc
be decked (out) with something
Ex: The street was decked with flags for the royal wedding.
388
Pluck
چيدن، كندن
Syn: pick
Ex: He plucked a couple of plastic bags from the roll.
Ex: Reaching up, she plucked an apple off the tree.
389
Token
نشانه، علامت
Syn: symbol
formal: something that represents a feeling, fact, event etc
a token of your gratitude/respect/appreciation
Ex: Please accept this gift as a small token of our appreciation.
390
Revolt
شورش، مخالفت، شورش و مخالفت كردن
Ex: The prime minister is now facing a revolt by members of his own party.
Ex: a revolt against the central government
391
Hallmark
خصوصيت
Pro: هِلمارك
Syn: feature
Ex: The explosion had all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.
391
Celebrate
جشن گرفتن، تجليل كردن
| Ex: poems that celebrate the joys شاديof love
392
Individually
به صورت فردي
Individuality فرديت
Ex: The bridegroom thanked them all individually.
individually wrapped portions of cheese
393
Sturdy
محكم
Syn: solid, stockyچهارشونه و محكم
Ex: That chair doesn’t look very sturdy.
Ex: They kept up a sturdy opposition to the plan.
394
Durable
بادوام، پايدار
Syn: hard wearing بادوام، long lasting
Ex: Wood is a durable material.
Ex: His poetry has proved durable
395
Ornate
مزين
| Ex: an ornate gold mirror
396
Pretentious
پر ادعا و متظاهر، پرجلوه و پر مدعا
Opp: unpretentious
Ex: a pretentious film
397
Folklore
فرهنگ عامه
| Pro: فُك لُر
398
Refine
تصحيح كردن، تصفيه كردن، بهبود دادن
Refinement تصحيح، پالايش
Ex: Car makers are constantly refining their designs.
399
Rhythm
ريتم، اصول
Pro: ريزِم
Ex: Drums are basic to African rhythm.
Ex: complicated dance rhythms
400
Initiation
شروع
| Ex: The club has an initiation ceremony for new members.
401
Voodoo
افسونگري
402
Convey
رساندن، منتقل كردن
| Ex: Ads convey the message that thin is beautiful.
403
Vitality
انرژي و زنده دلي
| Ex: The senator promised to restore the economic vitality of the region.
404
Cherish
گرامي داشتن
| Ex: I cherish the memory of that day.
405
Calling
پيشه و شغل
Syn: occupation/ vocation/ trade/ craft/ profession
Ex: It wasn’t until Durant was in her 30s that she found her calling.
406
Heroic
قهرمانانه
Syn: courageous
Ex: her heroic efforts to save her family
407
Dismiss
رد كردن
Ex: The government has dismissed criticisms that the country’s health policy is a mess.
2)to remove someone from their job
SYN: fire, sack
dismiss somebody from something
Bryant was unfairly dismissed from his post.
408
Autonomy
خودمختاري، استقلال داخلي
Syn: independence
Ex: Teachers are given considerable individual autonomy.
409
Undermine
تضعيف كردن، از پايه خراب كردن
| Ex: economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system
410
Sparse
كم پشت، پراكنده
Pro: اسْپارس
Ex: his sparse brown hair
rural areas with sparse populations
411
Wander
پرسه زدن، آرام و بدون هدف راه رفتن
Ex: I’ll wander around the mall for half an hour.
Ex: She wandered aimlessly about the house.
412
Frontier
مرز، سرحد
Pro: فِرُنْتيِر
Ex: Lille is close to the frontier between France and Belgium.
413
Warfare
جنگ
Pro: وُرفِر
Ex: the realities of modern warfare
414
Prune
هرس كردن
Pro: پرونينگ
Ex: The roses need pruning
415
Sapling
نهال
| Pro: سَپْلينگ
416
Orchard
باغ ميوه
Pro: اُرْچِرد
Ex: a cherry orchard
417
Consist
شامل
| Ex: Ideally the netting team should consist of three people.
418
Dimmer
كم نور، تاركننده
419
Primeval
نخستين، اوليه
| Ex: Primeval clouds of gas formed themselves into stars.
420
Undergo
دستخوش چيزي شدن، متحمل چيزي شدن
Undergo-underwent-undergone
Ex: The country has undergone massive changes recently.
421
Compact
فشرده، متراكم
Syn: dense
Ex: The students’ rooms were compact, with a desk, bed, and closet built in.
Ex: The bushes grew in a compact mass.
422
Entities
اشخاص، وجود
Ex: The mind exists as a separate entity.
Ex: Good design brings a house and garden together as a single entity.
423
Turbulent
آشفته، پريشان
Ex: the turbulent times of the French Revolution
Ex: He has had a turbulent political career.
424
Contraction
انقباض
| Ex: the contraction of metal as it cools
425
Luminous
I درخشان
Ex: luminous paint
Her large dark eyes were almost luminous.
426
Cloudlet
تكه ابر
427
Bonus
جايزه
| Ex: Each worker receives an annual bonus.
428
Outnumber
افزون بودن بر، از نظر شمارش بيشتر بودن
| Ex: In nursing, women still outnumber men by four to one.
429
Expenditure
هزينه(هزينه هايي كه دولت براي يه كاري مثلا راهسازي ميكنه)
Pro: اِكسپِنديچِر
Syn: expense/ cost/ charge/ toll/ outlay
Ex: expenditure on research and development
Ex: huge cuts in public expenditure (=the amount of money a government spends on services for the public)
430
Outlay
هزينه كردن، هزينه شروع
Syn: expense/ cost/ expenditure
Ex: House buyers usually have a large initial outlay on carpets and furniture.
431
Petroleum
نفت خام
| Ex: petroleum-based products
432
Recreation
تفريح، سرگرمي
Syn: hobby, pastime, leisure
Ex: His only recreations are drinking beer and watching football.
Ex: the provisionتدارك of recreation facilities (=places or equipment for people to use to enjoy themselves)
433
Suburb
حومه شهر
Syn: countryside
Ex: a suburb of Los Angeles
434
Exurb
خارج شهر، دورتر از suburb
435
Interstate
بين ايالتي، مسير بين ايالتها
Syn: freeway
Ex: interstate commerce
436
Subsidize
پشتيباني مالي كردن
Pro: ساب سي دايز
Ex: Farming is heavily subsidized (=subsidized a lot) by the government.
437
Frenzy
شور و هيجان
Ex: a frenzy of religious feeling
Frenzied هول هولي از روي هيجان
Ex: frenzied efforts to find a solution
438
Justify
توجيه كردن
| Ex: I don’t have to justify myself to you or anyone else.
439
Predominance
غلبه
| Ex: a predominance of boys in the class
440
Scant
ناكافي
| Ex: The story has received scant attention in the press.
441
Nearly
تقريبا، تا حدي
Syn: almost
Ex: It took nearly two hours to get here.
442
Peripheral
جانبي
| Ex: a diplomat who had a peripheral role in the negotiations
443
Provision
تدارك
Ex: the provision of childcare facilities
Ex: provision for people with disabilities
