Depression Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is depression
Classified as a mood disorder
The DSM-IV distinguishes between major depressive disorder and persistent which is long term and reoccurring
On set may be early in childhood or late on adulthood but many diagnosis are seen to be made in the 20s group
There isn’t a cause of depression
It can occur from variety of reason and has different triggers
What are the emotional characteristics of depression
Sadness
Feeling empty
Loss of interest and pleasure
What are the behavioural characteristics of depression
Reduced energy levels
Sense of tiredness
Wishing to sleep all the time
Appetite may be increases or reduced
What are the cognitive characteristics of depression
Negative view of the world
Thinking that everythings going to turn out badly
Generally having irrational thoughts that are negative
Cognitive explanation for depression :golden sentence
Depression is viewed as the result of irrational , negative and false thoughts and beliefs about yourself and the world
Examples of the golden sentence
E.g low self esteem
Why me
I’m annoying
Everyone is against me
I will never be good enough
Ellis ABC model
Activating Event: bad grade in a test,someone laughts at you
Belief: I’m useless they all hate me
Consequence :you feel bad,you feel isolated
What does Eli’s ABC model stand for
Activating event
Belief
Consequence
Rational belief leads to healthy emotions irrational ones leads you to unhealthy emotions. Depression is therefore a cause of irrational beliefs
What is the musturbatory thinking
source of holding unrealistic /irrational beliefs ‘this must happen ‘,‘I must have/be/do…. leads to disappointment and depression as these standards are impossible to uphold
What is Becks negative triad
Model that focuses on depression
Suggests that we acquire a negative schema during childhood ,adopt a negative view on the world
Becks negative triad : Negative view of self
I am just pain undesirable what is there to like
I’m unattractive and seem to bore everyone
Beck negative triad : Negative view of the world
I can understand why people don’t like me
They would all prefer someone else’s company
Becks negative triad : Negative view of the future
I’m always going to be on my own ,there is nothing that is going to change that
why is research support for irrational thinking seen as a strength
P:one strength is that depression is linked to irrational thinking
E:evidence for this is that a researcher found that depressed Pps who were given negative automatic -thought statements become more and more depressed.
E:thus shows that the research supports the view that negative thinking leads to depression and that negative thinking is a consequence of their depression therefore it has reliability
how is therapy as practical application to explaining phobias seen as a strength?
P:one strength of the cognitive approach to depression is the practical application: therapy
E:evidence for this that CBT is found to be the best treatment for depression especially when used in conjunction with drug therapy
E: This shows that change the thinking ,change the behaviour is effective in therapy, RWA
why is are irrational beliefs actually irrational seen as a weakness
P:one weakness of the cognitive approach is that irrational beliefs are actually irrational
E:evidence for this is that researcher found out that depressive Pps gave more accurate estimates of the likehood of disasters in the world than ‘normal’ control Pps
E:this shows that depressed people are more realistic and see the world as it is rather than through a rose tinted glass, lacks validity
how is the cognitive approach to explaining phobias too simplistic seen as a weakness
P:one weakness of the cognitive approach is that taking just a cognitive approach to depression is too simple
E:evidence for this is that depression is learnt through the social learning theory where we learn things from our environment e.g our parents via nurture
E:This suggests that the approach doesn’t take into account other factors such as the biological factors such as genes
