Depressive & Bipolar Disorders

Question 1

In __________________________, people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.

Answer 1

major depressive disorder

Question 2

a diminished ability to experience pleasure.

Answer 2

anhedonia

Question 3

(formerly known as manic-
depressive disorder) is characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as
periods of depression.

Answer 3

Bipolar I disorder

Question 4

In _______________, individuals suffer from episodes of major depression along with hypomania in which
their change in mood and behaviour is less severe
than those seen in full mania.

Answer 4

bipolar II disorder

Question 5

People are given a diagnosis of ______________ when they exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.

Answer 5

cyclothymic disorder

Question 6

Emotional Characteristics of Manic Episode vs. Depressive Episode
1. Elated, euphoric, very sociable, impatient at any hindrance
2. Gloomy, hopeless, socially withdrawn, irritable

Answer 6

1. Manic Episode
2. Depressive Episode

Question 7

Cognitive Characteristics of Manic Episode vs. Depressive Episode
1. Characterized by slowness of thought processes, obsessive worrying, inability to make decisions, negative self-image, self-blame, and delusions of guilt and disease
2. Characterized by racing thoughts, flight of ideas, desire for action, and impulsive behaviour; talkative, self-confident; experiencing delusions of grandeur

Answer 7

1. Depressive Episode
2. Manic Episode

Question 8

Motor Characteristics of Manic Episode vs. Depressive Episode
1. Hyperactive, tireless, requiring less sleep than usual, showing increased sex drive and fluctuating appetite
2. Less active, tired, experiencing difficulty in sleeping, showing decreased sex drive and
decreased appetite

Answer 8

1. Manic Episode
2. Depressive Episode

Question 9

a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern

Answer 9

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Question 10

a type of depression that sometimes occurs after childbirth.

Answer 10

postpartum depression

Question 11

Genetic vulnerability, Sleep disturbances, Neurochemical bases

Answer 11

Etiology: Biological factors

Question 12

Twin studies and other
evidence suggest a
genetic predisposition to
mood disorders.

Answer 12

Genetic vulnerability

Question 13

Disruption of biological
rhythms and sleep patterns
may lead to neurochemical
changes that contribute to
mood disorders.

Answer 13

Sleep disturbances

Question 14

Disturbances in neural circuits releasing norepinephrine may contribute to some mood disorders; abnormalties at serotonin synapses have also been implicated as a factor in depression.

Answer 14

Neurochemical bases

Question 15

Interpersonal roots, Stress, Cognition

Answer 15

Etiology: Psychological factors

Question 16

Behavioural theories emphasize how inadequate social skills can result in a paucity of reinforcers and other effects that make people vulnerable to depression.

Answer 16

Interpersonal roots

Question 17

High ______ can act
as a precipitating factor that
triggers depression or bipolar disorder.

Answer 17

Stress

Question 18

Negative thinking can contribute to the development of depression;
rumination may extend and
amplify depression.

Answer 18

Cognition

Question 19

______ or more of the following 9 symptoms have been present
during the same _ week period and represent a change from previous functioning for Major Depressive Episode

Answer 19

5, 2

Question 20

a chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years

Answer 20

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Question 21

For a diagnosis of _________, the presence of at least 1 manic
episode is required.

Answer 21

Bipolar I Disorder

Question 22

For a diagnosis of a ___________, at least 1 hypomanic episode,
and at least 1 Major Depressive episode is required

Answer 22

Bipolar II Disorder

Question 23

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is required)

Answer 23

Manic Episode