derm Flashcards
Describe epidermal naevus
Baby presenting with linear streaks on buttocks and thighs. Present at birth, and gradually became thickened and warty.
Describe sebaceous naevus
Brown/orange hairless patch on the head, which becomes warty during puberty.
What are the features of ectodermal dysplasias?
Absent, sparse or slow growing hair
Widely spaced, conical teeth
Dysplastic nails
hypohydratic +/- scaling skin
Describe epidermolysis bullosa simplex
A.D.
Either neonate with blisteriong on pressure areas or older child with blistering to hands and feet on crawling
Describe Junctional epidermolysis bullosa
A.R.
Skin errosions and excessive granulations around face.
Nails dystrophic or absent
Describe Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Severe and large area of skin lost at birth
Extensive erosions can lead to scarring, contracture and mitten deformity
Describe course of haemangiomas
Rapid growth 4-6 weeks, max size 3 months.
Natural involution and regression from 12 months.
What haemangiomas require treatment and describe that treatment?
> 20 cm or with plaque. Propranolol.
Needs ECG, HR and BP monitoring beforehand
What are derm features of tuberous sclerosis ?
ash-leaf or hypopigmented patches
adenoma sebaceum (small red or yellow papules on the face, especially perinasal)
fibromatous nodules (nodules on the forehead and scalp
periungual fibromas
shagreen patches (orange peel-like skin)
What are the derm features of sturge-weber syndrome?
Port wine stain (capillary vascular malformation affecting the trigeminal nerve area) on the eye or forehead areas
Where can the stratum lucidum be found?
Palms and soles of feet
Describe telogen effluvium
An excessive loss of telogen hair, which can be physiological in the newborn, or triggered by illnesses, stress, surgery, iron and protein deficiency.
Describe angen effluvium
An abrupt loss of anagen hairs, triggered by radiotherapy (can cause scarring), systemic chemotherapy and any toxic agents.
Describe Aplasia cutis
An eroded area on the scalp, which presents at birth and heals over time as a patch of scarring hair loss. It can be associated with or without developmental anomalies.
Describe Alopecia areata
A chronic, autoimmune disease presenting usually with focal smooth patches of hair loss on the scalp or other hair-bearing areas (eyebrows/lashes typically). It may be associated with other autoimmune conditions such as thyroid disease. The majority of children achieve full regrowth of hair within 1 year.
What is MOA of tacrolimus 0.03% cream and what is it used for?
Topical calcineurin inhibitors
Steroid-sparing agents in the maintenance phase of treatment for atopic dermatitis
What is treatment for scabies?
permethrin
What is treatment for head lice?
Topical pediculicides (e.g. lindane, malathion)
What conditions are associated with cafe au lait patches?
tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, McCune–Albright syndrome or Fanconi anaemia.
Characterise erythema multiforme
red papules which evolve into target lesions, with the tendency to recur. There is usually no prodromal illness prior to the onset of the skin lesions.
Describe morphea
Connective tissue disease characterized by initial oedema and hyperaemia of the skin, followed by fibrosis, sclerosis and, finally, atrophy of the skin.
Describe dermatitis herpetiformis
papulovascular lesion symmetrically effecting extensor surface and lower back.
Coealiac
How does UV light treat psoriosis?
induction of pyrimidine dimerisation
What is MOA of cyprotetone acetate?
17-alpha hydroxylase inhibitor
treats acne
