Diabetes

Question 1

What is the Dawn phenomenon?

Answer 1

Early-morning increase in blood sugar levels, typically between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m. It occurs due to the release of hormones like cortisol, growth hormone, and glucagon, which increase insulin resistance.

Question 2

What is the Somogyi effect?

Answer 2

night time hypoglycaemia and early morning glycosuria. Compensatory mechanism, hyper glycaemia 3-4 hours post hypo.

Question 3

What type of monogenic diabetes requirres insulin replacement?

Answer 3

HNF1B
in which pancreatic hypoplasia has occured

Question 4

What are the types of rapid-acting insulin?

Answer 4

insulin lispro: humolog
Insulin aspart: novorapid
Insulin glulisine: Apidra

Question 5

What are the types of short acting insulins?

Answer 5

Human Actrapid
Novolin R
Humulin S

Question 6

What are the intermediate acting insulins?

Answer 6

Insulinatard
Humulin I

Question 7

What are the long-acting insulins?

Answer 7

Insulin Glargine : Lantus/Toujeo
Insulin Determir: Levemir
Insulin degludec: Tresiba