Derm summary 5 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What causes impetigo and what are its key features?
Cause: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
Features: Honey-coloured crusts, non-painful, itchy, contagious
What are the two types of impetigo and their differences?
Non-bullous: most common
Bullous: toxin-mediated S. aureus
How is impetigo treated and when is referral needed?
Mild: Hydrogen peroxide 1% or fusidic acid
Extensive: Oral flucloxacillin or clarithromycin
Referral: Rapid spread, bullous type, recurrence, systemic signs
How do cellulitis and erysipelas differ in presentation?
Cellulitis: Ill-defined red, warm swelling
Erysipelas: Well-defined, raised red plaques (face/legs)
What is the treatment for cellulitis/erysipelas?
Flucloxacillin (first-line), clarithromycin (if allergic), co-amoxiclav (facial/periorbital)
Describe the progression from folliculitis to carbuncles.
Folliculitis → Boils (furuncles) → Carbuncles with systemic symptoms
How are boils and carbuncles treated?
Hygiene, antiseptics, I&D for boils/carbuncles, flucloxacillin if systemic/facial
What is the hallmark feature and treatment of abscesses?
Feature: Localised swelling with pus
Treatment: Always incision & drainage, antibiotics if systemic
Describe SSSS and its management.
Seen in infants, caused by S. aureus toxins
Features: Redness, bullae, peeling, fever
Treatment: IV flucloxacillin or vancomycin
What are key signs and treatment of necrotising fasciitis?
Signs: Severe pain, purple skin, bullae, crepitus
Treatment: Surgical debridement + IV carbapenem, clindamycin, vancomycin
How is chickenpox managed and when is referral needed?
Supportive care: Calamine, antihistamines
Referral: Adults, pregnant, immunocompromised
How is shingles treated and when is referral needed?
Treatment: Aciclovir within 72h
Referral: Eye, face, or immunocompromised
Describe cold sores and their management.
Tingling → blister cluster
Treatment: Aciclovir cream, hygiene
What are the features and management of measles?
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots
Notify Public Health, supportive care
What are common tinea infections and their treatment?
Features: Ring-like patches, scaling
Treatment: Topical terbinafine/imidazoles, oral antifungals if resistant
How is cutaneous candidiasis identified and treated?
Sites: Intertriginous areas
Features: Red patches + satellite lesions
Treatment: Clotrimazole/miconazole
What are treatment principles for eczema?
Use emollients, topical steroids, avoid triggers
Apply emollient first, 30 min gap
What are key features and treatment of psoriasis?
Silvery plaques on extensor surfaces
Treatment: Vitamin D analogues, corticosteroids, tar/salicylic
What is the pathophysiology and treatment of acne vulgaris?
↑Sebum, C. acnes, inflammation
Treatment: Adapalene + benzoyl peroxide; doxycycline if severe
What are treatment and prevention tips for sunburn?
Treatment: Cool baths, emollients, NSAIDs
Prevention: SPF ≥30, reapply every 2 hours
What is the treatment for urticaria?
Non-sedating antihistamines
Describe features and treatment of drug rashes.
Cause: Antibiotics, AEDs
Onset: 5–10 days
Treatment: Stop drug, antihistamines, steroids
What causes photosensitivity reactions and prevention advice?
Causes: Tetracyclines, thiazides
Advice: SPF 50+, avoid sunlight
What is erythroderma and its referral criteria?
Features: >90% BSA red/scaly
Cause: Allopurinol, AEDs
Referral: Emergency
