Dermatology

Question 1

what are primary lesions

Answer 1

• initial eruption that developes spontaneously as a direct reflection of underlying disease
• appear quickly and disappear quickly

Question 2

examples of primary lesions

Answer 2

macule or patch

papule or plaque

pustule

vesicle or bulla

wheal

nodule

tumor or cyst

Question 3

what are secondary lesions

Answer 3

• evolve from primary lesions/artefacts induced by patients/external factors (trauma/biting/licking and medication)
• usually stay around for a much longer time period

Question 4

which lesions can be primary or secondary

Answer 4

alopecia

scale

crust

follicular casts

comedo

pigmentary abnormalitites

Question 5

examples of secondary skin lesions

Answer 5

epidermal collarette

scar

excoriation

erosion or ucler

fissure

lichenification

callus

Question 6

what dis?

Answer 6

macule

flat spot ( <1 cm) on skin with change in skin color

Question 7

what dis?

Answer 7

patch

= macule >1 cm

Question 8

that is a type of mcule caused by bleeding into the skin

Answer 8

purpura, petechial, ecchymoses

Question 9

a small, solid elevation in skin up to 1 cm in diameter is a _______

Answer 9

papule

Question 10

what dis?

Answer 10

plaque

coalition of plaques forming flat-topped elevation

Question 11

what is a pustule

Answer 11

small elevation of epidermis filled pus

Question 12

what dis?

Answer 12

Vesicle

elevation of epidermis filled with clear fluid

Question 13

what is a vesicle > 1 cm in diameter

Answer 13

bulla

Question 14

sharply delineated lesion of edema is known as a ______

Answer 14

wheal

Question 15

a solid raised palpable lesion > 1 cm

Answer 15

nodule

can include abscess (fluctuant lesion in dermis or SQ from pus)

Question 16

what are these?

Answer 16

Nodule: Tumor

large palpable mass - Neoplastic

Question 17

what is an epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material?

Answer 17

Cyst

Question 18

what is alopecia?

Answer 18

absence of hair from area where it is normally present

Question 19

what is an accumulation of loose fragments of skin

Answer 19

scale

Question 20

what is an accumulation of dried serum/ exudate on the surface of the skin?

Answer 20

crust

Question 21

what is an accumulation of keratin & sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft

Answer 21

follicular cast

Question 22

a dried hair follicle filled with debris is a ______

Answer 22

comedone

Question 23

what is an epidermal collarette

Answer 23

scale arranged in a circular pattern

associated with a pustule, vesicle or bullae

Question 24

linear abrasion of the skin is called ____

Answer 24

excoriation

Question 25

what is an erosion

Answer 25

shallow ulcer that does not break the basal

Question 26

a brea in the epidermis with exposure of the dermis is an \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

ulcer

Question 27

what is a fissure

Answer 27

linear cleavage (cracks) in the epidermis or dermis caused by disease or injury

Question 28

what is a thickening and hardening of the skin with exaggerated skin lines

Answer 28

lichenification

Question 29

a _____ is localized hyperplasia of the statum corneum of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

Answer 29

**callus** *elbows and lateral hock areas are common sites for callus formation in the dog*

Question 30

what things should be assesed in a dermatological examination

Answer 30

**skin lesion type**: primary vs secondary **skin changes:** thick, fragile, thin **hair coat changes** **distribution** **cutaneous pain** **parasites** **other**: lymph nodes, otitis, foot pad lesions

Question 31

what does a superficial skin scrape test for?

Answer 31

**surface mites** *sarcoptes, notoedres, otodectes, cheyletiella, deodex gatoi in cats*

Question 32

T/F a negative superficial skin scrape rules out superficial mites

Answer 32

**False** *a negative skin scrape does not rule out mites*

Question 33

deep skin scrapes are used to diagnose\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

most demodex species

Question 34

what do you look for on a trichogram/ hair pluck

Answer 34

ringworm - hyphae or spores follicle dysplasia surface parasites - lice, mites

Question 35

what can be seen on a scotch tape/acetate tape impression smear

Answer 35

bacteria, fungi and yeast mites

Question 36

what is the best method for testing for fleas

Answer 36

flea comb/ paper test

Question 37

fecal floats can be use to diagnose \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

sarcoptes - difficult to find on the skin, may see in the feces hookworms - skin lesions due to larval migration

Question 40

what size needle is used for an FNA

Answer 40

21-23 gauge

Question 41

a woodslamp can be used to diagnose \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

fungal infections

Question 42

when should fungal culture be performed

Answer 42

all cats with skin disease dogs with inflammatory skin lesions

Question 43

how is a positive DTM determined

Answer 43

the media turns red and the **same time** the dermatophyte colony appears ## Footnote *saprophyte (non-pathogenic fungus) the colony is present for days before culture media turns red*

Question 44

indications for skin biopsy

Answer 44

nodules/tumors ulcers/vesicles severe acute generalized disease mucosal lesions footpad lesions lesions unresponsive to normal therapy

Question 45

skin biopsy techniques

Answer 45

punch biopsy wedge/excisional biopsy amputation - nail or toe

Question 46

when is a bacterial culture and sensitivity indicated

Answer 46

cytology shows cocci and rods or just rods cocci but no response to correctly administed antibiotics deep pyoderma chronic AB/GC therapy GSD pyoderma

Question 47

what is the gold standard for identifying environmental allergens

Answer 47

intradermal allergy testing

Question 48

what are some disadvantages to allergy testing serology

Answer 48

no positive control only detects circulating IgE lab variations false positives grouped allergens/limited not reliable for food allergens