Pruritus pt. 1

Question 1

what is pruritis?

Answer 1

unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the urge to scratch

Question 2

what are the 3 main causes of itch

Answer 2

infections

allergies

parasites

Question 3

what will owners see with pruritis

Answer 3

biting

licking

chewing

scratching

gnawing

rubbing

Question 4

T/F irrespective of cause, pruritic skin looks the same in mast cases

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what clinical signs are seen on physical exam of a pruritic dog

Answer 5

alopecia, erythema, excoriations

followed by lichenification, hyperpigmentation, seborrhea

Question 6

what allergens commonly cause pruritis in dogs

Answer 6

flea bite allergy

atopic dermatitis

cutaneous adverse food reaction

insect bite hypersensitivity/ contact dermatitis

vax/drugs/heat and cold/sunlight/stress

Question 7

common ectoparasites causing pruritis in the dog

Answer 7

sarcoptes

demodecosis

cheyletiella

lice

chiggers

Question 8

infectous causes of pruritis in dog

Answer 8

pyoderma - bacterial infection

dermatophytosis

yeast

Question 9

lesions on the caudal dorsum is common with _____

Answer 9

flea allergy

Question 10

lesions on the elbows and ears are common with _____

Answer 10

sarcoptic mange

Question 11

feet licking, chewing can be indicative of _____

Answer 11

food allergy or atopy

Question 12

what are some causes of pruritis that are not effected by seasonality

Answer 12

scabies

food allergy

flea allergy

atopy

secondary infections

demodecosis

Question 13

how is pruritis graded

Answer 13

scale of 1-10

used as reference point for rechecks

Question 14

which disease are extremely pruritic

Answer 14

scabies

flea bite allergy

food allergy

Question 15

which diseases should be considered if the pruritis came before the lesion

Answer 15

allergies

scabies

Question 16

what should be considered if lesions show up before the pruritis

Answer 16

demodecosis

dermatophytosis

Question 17

what is often involved in cases of pruritis and should be checked

Answer 17

EARS!

Question 18

what are common dermatological diagnostics/examinations

Answer 18

skin scrapes

hair plucks

cytology

flea comb

ear examination

Question 19

therapeutic plan for pruritis

Answer 19

flea control

treat pyoderma if present

treat yeast infection

treat for sarcoptes spp. if suspected

treat ear disease if present

Question 20

T/F most skin disease can be cured with one visit

Answer 20

False

rarely cured with on visit - many can be chronic or life long, but controllable

Question 21

what is the number 1 cause of pruritis

Answer 21

FLEAS!!

Question 22

what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is seen with flea bite dermatitis

Answer 22

type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 23

what is the classical distribution with flea allergy dermatitis

Answer 23

lumbo-sacral distribution

Question 24

T/F an infestation is necessary for FAD

Answer 24

False

it is an allergy or hypersensitivity - only takes one flea bite to set off allergic response

Question 25

what percentage of skin allergies are flea related

Answer 25

80%

Question 26

which flea eradication product acts as both a knock down product against adults and an insect growth regulator

Answer 26

imidaclopride

Question 27

how long should in-contact animals be treated for fleas

Answer 27

4 weeks

Question 28

what % of flea eggs, larva & pupae live in the environment and not on the pet

Answer 28

95%

Question 29

what type of hypersensitvity is seen with atopy

Answer 29

type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 30

characterisitic signs of atopy

Answer 30

pruritis chronic or relapsing/seasonal 4m-7y of age at onset areas - paws, face, distal extremities, elbows, ventrum, otitis externa

Question 31

what allergy tests are used to diagnose atopy

Answer 31

serum test (RAST and ELISA test) intradermal skin test

Question 32

what to allergy tests (intradermal skin tests, serum tests) dectect?

Answer 32

allergen specific IgE ## Footnote * if raised and causing disease = **allergy*** * if raised and not causing disease = **subclinical hypersensitivity***

Question 33

what is the gold standard test for atopy

Answer 33

intradermal allergy testing

Question 34

3 possible therapies for atopy

Answer 34

ASIT (allergen specific immunotherapy) allergen avoidance sympotomatic relief

Question 35

what drugs have stong evidence for sytomatic relief of atopy

Answer 35

glucocorticoids cyclosporine A oclacitinib

Question 36

what therapy has weak evidence for the symptomatic relief of atopy

Answer 36

skin lipid therapy

Question 37

two forms of allergy shots

Answer 37

subcutaneous immunotherapy sublingual immunotherapy

Question 38

T/F a generic version of cycloprine A should not be used

Answer 38

true

Question 39

what receptors does oclacitinib (apoquel) act on

Answer 39

JAK 1 and 3 inhibitor