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Detente causes and consequences Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the USSR think of Central and South America?

A

It’s in the USA’s ‘sphere of influence’ so they don’t protest when the USA overthrow the President of Guatemala in 1954

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2
Q

When is Batista in charge of Cuba?

A

1940-1959

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3
Q

How much of the casinos’ profits did Batista take?

A

50%

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4
Q

What did the US Ambassador to Cuba say about Batista?

A

‘Batista may be a son of a bitch but at least he’s our son of a bitch’

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5
Q

What is the Cuban Revolution?

A

A guerilla war between 1952 and 1959

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6
Q

When does Castro win the Cuban Revolution?

A

January 1st 1959

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7
Q

How much did the US spend on training anti-Castro Cubans for the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

$5 million

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8
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs invasion launched?

A

17th April 1961

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9
Q

What is Kennedy’s response to finding missiles in Cuba?

A
  • Discusses with ExComm
  • Announces quarantine
  • DEFCON 3
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10
Q

When is a soviet ship stopped as it enters the quarantine zone?

A

7:15am Thursday 25th October 1962

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11
Q

How many troops were assembled in Florida ready to invade during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

12000

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12
Q

When does the letter from Khrushchev arrive during the Cuban missile crisis and what does it say?

A

26th October
The USSR will withdraw if America promised not to invade

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13
Q

What deal was made to end the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Khrushchev would remove the missiles if Kennedy withdrew his from Greece and Turkey. Thus angered people but Khrushchev allowed it to be kept a secret.

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14
Q

What are the outcomes of the Cuban missile crisis?

A
  • Hotline established between Moscow and the Kremlin
  • Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963
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15
Q

What is the Partial Test Ban Treaty?

A

Signed by the UK, USA and USSR it agrees only to conduct nuclear tests underground but doesn’t remove existing nuclear weapons

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16
Q

Why did the Vietnam War start?

A

Elections in 1956 would unite the country, which was split at the 17th Parallel. The south will lose so they refused

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17
Q

When was Ngo Dinh Diem assassinated?

A

1963

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18
Q

Who was Ngo Dinh Diem and why was he important?

A

He was the leader of the south and his assassination weakened the south and increased communist support

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19
Q

When was the Gulf of Tonkin resolution passed committing American forces to an escalation?

A

1964

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20
Q

How many American troops were in Vietnam in 1961?

A

<1000

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21
Q

How many American troops were in Vietnam in 1965?

A

82000

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22
Q

How many American troops were in Vietnam in 1968?

A

500,000

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23
Q

How many American troops died in Vietnam?

A

58000

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24
Q

How many troops per year did China send to North Vietnam?

A

170000

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25
What did the USSR send to support North Vietnam?
SA-2 anti-aircraft missiles
26
When does America claim victory and pull out of Vietnam?
1973
27
When is South Vietnam defeated?
1975
28
How much did the Vietnam War cost?
$173 billion
29
When was conscription introduced for the Vietnam War?
1965
30
Why was there a feeling that the war was unfair?
A disproportionate number of black and working class men were drafted
31
How many civilians died in the Mai Lai Massacre?
600
32
How many people died when the US army opened fire on a protest at Kent State University in 1970?
4
33
Who provided troops for the Vietnam war and who refused.
Australia and New Zealand provided troops UK refused despite pressure on Prime Minister Harold Wilson
34
When was the Sino-Soviet Split?
1958
35
What was the cause of the 1970s Economic Depression?
Worldwide oil price rise. Inflation was high. It led the USA and USSR to question whether the Cold War was worth it
36
In October 1973, how much did oil prices rise by?
400%
37
What was OPEC?
A cartel of oil producing countries who set the price of oil (made up of 15 countries, the largest being Saudi Arabia)
38
Israel fought two wars with Saudi Arabia, winning both. When were they?
1967 and 1973
39
What was OPEC's response to the US's continued support of Israel?
Raised oil prices
40
What plan did Mao reject?
The plan for shared military bases with the USSR
41
When did Khrushchev refuse to help Mao with nuclear weapons?
June 1959
42
What was Mao's 1966 'cultural revolution'?
A revolution against the Chinese revisionists, who were seen as soviet supporters
43
When were the 2 battles fought for Zhenbao Island?
March 1969
44
How many were killed in the battles for Zhenbao Island?
Between 100 and 800
45
When was China granted Zhenbao Island?
1991
46
What was the importance of the Sino-Soviet Split?
-The USSR lost its last ally
47
How many nuclear missiles did the US have in 1972?
7601
48
How many nuclear missiles did the US have in 1980?
10608
49
How many nuclear missiles did the USSR have in 1972?
2573
50
How many nuclear missiles did the USSR have in 1980?
7480
51
Why wasn't SALT 2 ratified?
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979
52
When was the Rhodesian Bush War?
1964- 1979
53
When was the Angolan War of Independence?
1975-2002
54
When was the Mozambican War of Independence?
1964-75
55
How did the USA and USSR get involved in the bush wars?
USA- funded South Africa via Israel USSR- funded Cuba
56
Why did Czechoslovakia only become Communist in 1948?
The original plan was for it to be neutral. It had been a fairly wealthy, western looking country 1918-38, but it became communist when the US launched the Marshall Plan.
57
Between which years did the Czechoslovakian economy sink?
1948 and 1968
58
What happened on January 5th 1968?
The unpopular president, Novotny, was replaced with the reformer, Dubcek
59
When did Dubcek criticise Novotny?
February 4th 1968
60
On the 20th anniversary of Czechoslovakia becoming communism, what reforms did Dubcek announce?
Freedom of speech and the press, a move to a more consumer economy and the possibility of having more than one party
61
What did Dubcek call his reforms?
Socialism with a human face
62
Who were the Warsaw 5?
USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria
63
What did the Warsaw 5 demand of Dubcek?
That he could scrap the reforms so there wasn't a repeat of Hungary
64
When were the talks between Czechoslovakia and the Warsaw 5?
July to August
65
What did Dubcek promise at the talks with the Warsaw 5?
That Czechoslovakia would stay communist and in the Warsaw Pact
66
When did Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia?
August 20th 1968
67
How many Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia?
200,000
68
How do the Czechoslovakians resist?
Passive resistance
69
How many are killed in the invasion (Prague Spring) ?
72
70
What happens to Dubcek after the Prague Spring?
He's made ambassador to Turkey
71
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
Formed as a result of the Prague Spring, it states that once a country is communist, it stays communist even if force has to be used
72
What were the effects of the Prague Spring in the West?
Turned many soviet sympathisers against the USSR Although the West criticised the invasion, they didn't get involved
73
When did the USSR approach the US to ask what they would do in a full-blown USSR/China war? How did Nixon respond?
After the conflict over Zhenbao Island Nixon said he wouldn't allow China to be 'smashed'
74
When was China allowed to replace Taiwan at the UN?
1971
75
When did Nixon visit China and the 2 countries began diplomatic relations?
1972
76
What did the improved Sino-US relations during detente mean for the USSR?
They now had no real allies
77
What did the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty ban?
nuclear tests anywhere on the world's surface (not unerground)
78
Who signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty? Who did not?
Did: US, USSR, UK Did not: France, China
79
Between 1953 and 1962, how many nuclear tests did the US conduct?
268
80
Between 1963 and 1972, how many nuclear tests did the US conduct?
385
81
Between 1953 and 1962 how many nuclear tests did the USSR conduct?
218
82
Between 1963 and 1972, how many nuclear tests did the USSR conduct?
157
83
What does SALT stand for?
strategic arms limitation talks
84
Where was the first SALT talk? When was it?
Vienna, 1970
85
When was SALT 1 signed by Brezhnev and Nixon?
May 1972
86
What did SALT 1 agree?
a 5 year freeze on the contruction of missile launchers (not missiles) and an agreement that both sides were only allowed 2 missile defence screens
87
Between 1972 and 1980, how much did the amount of US nuclear warheads rise?
7,601 to 10,608
88
Between 1972 and 1980, how much did the amount of soviet nuclear warheads rise?
2,473 to 7,480
89
When did SALT II discussions begin?
July 1974
90
When did Carter and Brezhnev sign SALT II?
June 1979
91
Why was SALT II never ratified by US Congress?
The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979
92
When were the Helsinki Accords signed?
August 1975
93
Which countries signed the Helsinki Accords?
USA, USSR, Canada and 33 European countries
94
The Helsinki Accords were seen as ____________________________ and ______________________ ________________________________ but _________________________________________________________________
the highlight of detente, the new Yalta, are actually fairly insignificant
95
What were the agreements in the Helsinki Accords?
- The post war borders of Europe were agreed (basically accepts FRG and GDR) - Vague agreement about future borders changing peacefully (FRG and GDR reunite) - Soviets made a vague agreement about respecting Human rights (US thought this was a diplomatic coup)
96
When was the joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission?
1975
97
What happened in the joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission?
the 2 crews met and shook hands
98
When was Khrushchev forced to step down?
1964
99
What was Brezhnev like?
Seen as less erratic than Khrushchev and more open to deal making

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