Independant policy in Western Europe

Question 1

When was Charles de Gaulle President of France?

Answer 1

1944-1946 and 1959-1969

Question 2

Who did de Gaulle hate?

Answer 2

English speakers (he was famously anti-Anglo Saxon)

Question 3

When was the French-Algerian War?

Answer 3

1954-1962

Question 4

Algeria was legally part of france. How many ethnic french lived there?

Answer 4

1 million

Question 5

Why was the French-Algerian War fought?

Answer 5

Over independence

Question 6

How many died in the French-Algerian war?

Answer 6

nearly 500,000

Question 7

How many french soldiers died in the French-Algerian War?

Answer 7

20000

Question 8

Why was it surprising that de Gaulle pulled out of the French-Algerian war?

Answer 8

he was seen as a hard-liner

Question 9

When did de Gaulle reject Britain’s invitation to the EEC and why?

Answer 9

1963 because they were too American

Question 10

What did de Gaulle do to the dollar in 1965?

Answer 10

Attempted to stop the dollar being used as the world’s reserve currency in an attempt to devalue it

Question 11

When did France leave NATO?

Answer 11

1966

Question 12

Why was it problematic that France left NATO?

Answer 12

NATO’s HQ was in Paris at the time.

Question 13

What did de Gaulle do after leaving NATO?

Answer 13

He visited the USSR and announced that Europeans should liberate themselves from a bloc-mentality

Question 14

What was the Hamel Report?

Answer 14

In 1967, the Belgian Foreign Minister, Pierre Hamel, announced that the purpose of NATO should be to aim to pursue a detente with the Warsaw Pact countries.

Question 15

What was Ostpolitik?

Answer 15

West Germany normalising its relations with the USSR and Eastern Europe

Question 16

Who was the key politician behind Ostpolitik?

Answer 16

Willy Brandt

Question 17

Ostpolitik 1966

Answer 17

West German trade missions sent to Yugoslavia and Romania

Question 18

Ostpolitik 1970: The Moscow Treaty.

Question 19

What was it?

Answer 19

The FRG and USSR agreed that they didn’t want any of each others’ territory. The FRG basically agreed that Germany will never have its 1939 borders again.

Question 20

Ostpolitik 1970: The Warsaw Treaty.

Question 21

What was it?

Answer 21

The FRG accepts the Polish-GDR border. Ethnic Germans in Poland are allowed to move back to the FRG

Question 22

Ostpolitik 1973

Answer 22

The Prague Treaty: same as the Warsaw treaty, but for Czechoslovakia.

Question 23

Ostpolitik 1971

Answer 23

The 4 Power Treaty over Berlin: West Berliners are allowed to visit East Berlin. Acceptance that West Berlin and the FRG are connected, however West Berlin still not part of the FRG.

Question 24

When was the Basic Treaty?

Answer 24

1972

Question 25

What did the Basic Treaty agree?

Answer 25

The FRG and GDR both basically accepted each other as independent countries.

Question 26

What was the result of the Basic Treaty?

Answer 26

Both Germanys join the UN in 1973

Question 27

How did the Vietnam War lead to the split between the USA and Western Europe?

Answer 27

It was unpopular in Europe. Some American politicians questioned American commitment to Europe (a senate vote on whether the US should withdraw from Europe achieved nearly 50%)

Question 28

How did the Hungarian Uprising lead to the split between the USA and Western Europe?

Answer 28

France and the FRG felt that the US had encouraged the Hungarians and then let them down

Question 29

How did the development of ICBMs lead to the split between the USA and Western Europe?

Answer 29

Would the US need Western Europe if they had ICBMs? Leads to the Treaty of Rome in 1957

Question 30

How did the Berlin Ultimatum lead to the split between the USA and Western Europe?

Answer 30

The US was willing to make concessions over West Berlin after Khrushchev's ultimatum. Led to Adenauer becoming close to de Gaulle