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History Cold War > Fall of Communism and USSR > Flashcards

Fall of Communism and USSR Flashcards

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1
Q

Where were Gorbachev’s reforms deeply unpopular with the leaders?

A

GDR, Romania, Czechoslovakia

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2
Q

Which countries in the Eastern bloc were willing to implement their own limited reforms?

A

Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria

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3
Q

What happened on the 6th July 1989?

A

The USSR promised not to use armed force against a country it’s allied with. This ends the Brezhnev Doctrine.

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4
Q

How many were killed in the civil war that ensued when communism collapsed in Yugoslavia?

A

200000

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5
Q

When was solidarity legalised?

A

1988

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6
Q

When were round table talks held between solidarity and the communist party in which Solidarity was recognised as both a trade union and a political party?

A

1989

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7
Q

By 1989, semi-free elections were being held in poland. What percentage of the seats could non-communists compete for?

A

35%

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8
Q

How many seats did Solidarity win in 1989?

A

92/100 that they could win

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9
Q

When did the GDR collapse suddenly and unexpectedly?

A

November 1989

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10
Q

What did the Polish Communist Party do in January 1990?

A

Rebranded to the Social Democrat Party

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11
Q

Who became leader of Poland in November 1990?

A

Lech Walesa

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12
Q

What was the MSZMP?

A

the communist government of Hungary

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13
Q

When did the MSZMP accept that hungary would have to become a multi-party democracy or face revolution?

A

February 1989

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14
Q

When were round table talks held in Hungary?

A

June 1989

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15
Q

When were free elections held in Hungary?

A

March 1990

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16
Q

What did the MSZMP rebrand itself to?

A

The Hungarian Socialist Party

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17
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Hungarian Socialist Party win in March 1990?

A

11%. Hungary was no longer communist

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18
Q

When did the Hungarian Socialist Party form a coalition with the Free Democrats?

A

1994

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19
Q

What happened in Bulgaria in November 1989?

A

The leader of Bulgaria from the past 35 years, Zhivkov, was forced to resign

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20
Q

When were free elections held in Bulgaria?

A

June 1990

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21
Q

What did the Bulgarian Communist Party rebrand as?

A

The Bulgarian Socialist Party

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22
Q

When did the Bulgarian Socialist Party form a coalition?

A

1992

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23
Q

When did the Bulgarian Socialist Party win a majority?

A

1994

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24
Q

Why were there protests in Czechoslovakia in November 1989?

A

Economic reforms had been implemented before November, but there were no political reforms

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25
When did the Communist President of Czechoslovakia resign?
December 1989
26
Who became President of Czechoslovakia? When?
Vaclav Halal December 29th 1989
27
What was the replacement of the leader of Czechoslovakia in 1989 called?
The Velvet Revolution because it was fairly peaceful and bloodless
28
What was the Velvet Divorce?
On January 1st 1993, Czechoslovakia split into 2 countries: the Czech Republic and Slovakia
29
Who was the communist leader of Romania in 1989?
Ceausescu
30
What happened in Romania in November to December 1989?
Revolts broke out in the Romanian countryside against Ceausescu. They had spread to Bucharest by December.
31
How many had been killed fighting in Romania by December 1989?
Around 1000
32
When did Ceausescu flee the capital?
December 21st 1989
33
When was Ceausescu captured and executed?
Christmas Day 1989
34
What did the Communist Party of Romania rebrand as?
the NSF
35
When were the first free elections in Romania and who won?
May 1990 the NSF
36
When did the NSF remain in power until?
1996
37
How many countries were in the USSR?
15
38
When did the USSR break up?
December 25th 1991
39
Which were the Baltic states?
Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania
40
When did the Nationalist parties in the baltic states win a majority?
February 1990
41
When did Gorbachev launch a blockade of Lithuania?
April 1990
42
When were all three baltic republics invaded by the USSR?
January 1991
43
How many civilians were killed in the USSR's invasion of the Baltic Republics and what was the effect of this?
13. This increased the desire for independence Soviet troops opened fire on civilians demanding Georgian independence
44
How many were killed (USSR invasion of Baltic Republics)?
19
45
When was this (USSR invasion of Baltic Republics)?
April 8th 1989
46
What was Nagorno-Karabakh?
A region of Azerbaijan which was claimed by Armenia
47
When did Nagorno-Karabakh vote to become part of Armenia?
February 1988
48
What was Gorbachev's response to Nagorno-Karabakh voting to become part of Armenia?
Sacking the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan
49
What was Armenia's response to Nagorno-Karabakh voting to become part of Armenia?
Setting up the Karabakh Committee and tried to absorb Nagorno-Karabakh into the Armenian SSR
50
What was Azerbaijan's response to Nagorno-Karabakh voting to become part of Armenia?
Setting up the Nationalist Popular Front of Azerbaijan and blockading Armenia. It also held a series of demonstrations in Baku, which descended into anti-Armenian riots
51
How many people were killed in the anti-Armenian riots in Baku?
91
52
How many people were killed when the USSR sent in troops to stop the anti-Armenian riots in Baku?
130
53
When were elections held in Russia for the congress of Peoples' Deputies?
March and April 1990
54
Who was elected chairman of Congress in Russia?
Boris Yeltsin
55
What did Boris Yeltsin claim?
Russia was a sovereign state
56
What was the result of Boris Yeltsin claiming Russia was a sovereign state?
Other republics claimed that they were also sovereign state
57
When was Yeltsin Mayor of Moscow?
1985-1987
58
When was Yeltsin Leader of the Russian SSR?
1990-1991
59
When was Yeltsin president of Russia?
1991-1999
60
Allegedly, why did Yeltsin allow Ukraine to leave the USSR?
he was drunk
61
When did Russia experience hyperinflation?
1992 as the capitalist economy became mismanaged
62
What happened in 1993 that led to Yeltsin's attack on the 'White House' (Soviet Parliament)?
Yeltsin attempted to shut down the Russian parliament when they refused to pass his laws. The parliament refused to be shut down, impeached yeltsin, and declared Rutosky president.
63
How many people were killed in Yeltsin's attack on the 'White House'?
137
64
When was the first Chechnyan War?
1994-1996
65
What happened in Chechnya in 1991?
an insurgency began in Chechnya (a muslim majority republic within the Russian Federation) over Chechnyan independence
66
What did the Russian army do in Chechnya in 1994?
They got involved and 'won' the war. Grozny, the capital, was destroyed and about 100,000 were killed
67
When was the 2nd Chechnyan war?
1999-2000
68
What was the outcome of the 2nd Chechnyan War?
a conclusive Russian victory
69
When did Yeltsin sell many of Russia's biggest state companies to wealthy Russians at a cut price and why?
1995 for support in the 1996 Presidential election
70
What did Yeltsin's sale of the state industries lead to?
a group of 20 or so businessmen getting the majority of Russian comapnies and heavy political power in Russia. They are known as the Oligarchs.
71
What did Yeltsin's heavy drinking lead to in 1997?
He was so drunk he couldn't get off the plane at a state visit to Ireland

History Cold War (8 decks)

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