Development

Question 1

Erikson’s sixth stage, where young adults form intimate relationships or feel isolated and alone.

Answer 1

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Question 2

Distress experienced by a child when separated from their primary caregiver.

Answer 2

Separation Anxiety

Question 3

Patterns of attachment behavior shown by children in relationships with their caregivers.

Answer 3

Attachment Styles

Question 4

The status of actively exploring different identities but not yet making a commitment.

Answer 4

Moratorium (in adolescent development)

Question 5

Bronfenbrenner’s theory that development is influenced by different types of environmental systems.

Answer 5

Ecological System Theory

Question 6

Traumatic events occurring before age 18 that can have negative, lasting effects on health and well-being.

Answer 6

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES)

Question 7

The patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as social circumstances.
-Socio-historical events that impact development

Answer 7

Chronosystem

Question 8

The understanding that objects can remain the same despite changes in appearance.

Answer 8

Conservation

Question 9

Attachment where the child is overly dependent on the caregiver and anxious about their availability.
-Clinging and distraught

Answer 9

Insecure Anxious Attachment

Question 10

The onset of sperm production in males.

Answer 10

Spermarche

Question 11

Erikson’s seventh stage, where middle-aged adults contribute to the next generation or feel a lack of purpose.

Answer 11

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Question 12

A type of learning where an animal forms strong attachments during an early-life critical period like the ducklings did.

Answer 12

Imprinting

Question 13

Erikson’s fifth stage, where adolescents explore different roles and integrate them to form a single identity, or become confused about who they are.

Answer 13

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 14

Piaget’s third stage (7 to 10 years), where children develop logical thinking but still have difficulty with abstractions.

Answer 14

Concrete Operational Stage

Question 15

The belief that one is the center of attention and that others are constantly watching and judging.

Answer 15

Imaginary Audience

Question 16

The broader cultural and societal influences on development.

Answer 16

Macrosystem

Question 17

The innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment.

Answer 17

Temperament

Question 18

A form of play where children play adjacent to each other but do not directly interact.

Answer 18

Parallel Play

Question 19

The status of having committed to an identity without having explored other options.

Answer 19

Foreclosure (In adolescent development)

Question 20

The status of having neither explored nor committed to any particular identity or set of values.

Answer 20

Diffusion (In adolescent development)

Question 21

Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development- birth to 2 years.

Answer 21

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 22

A strong, healthy emotional bond with a caregiver, characterized by trust and comfort.

Answer 22

Secure Attachment

Question 23

The immediate environment in which a person interacts, such as family and school.

Answer 23

Microsystem

Question 24

Erikson’s eighth stage, where older adults reflect on their lives and feel a sense of fulfillment or regret.

Answer 24

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 25

Piaget’s fourth stage (10 years and up), where individuals develop abstract and hypothetical thinking.

Answer 25

Formal Operational Stage

Question 26

The natural process of growth and development, both physically and mentally.

Answer 26

Maturation

Question 27

The status of having explored and committed to a specific identity or set of values.

Answer 27

Achievement (In adolescent development)

Question 28

The ability to think logically and methodically about complex problems.

Answer 28

Systematic Thinking

Question 29

Specific times during development when an organism is most sensitive to environmental influences or stimuli.

Answer 29

Critical Periods

Question 30

Erikson’s second stage, where toddlers learn to exercise will and do things independently, or doubt their abilities

Answer 30

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 31

Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development, where infants learn to trust or mistrust based on the care they receive.

Answer 31

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 32

Supports provided by a more knowledgeable other helps a learner accomplish tasks they couldn’t do alone.

Answer 32

Scaffolding (Vygotsky)

Question 33

The interconnections between different microsystems, like the relationship between family and school.

Answer 33

Mesosystem

Question 34

The first menstrual cycle in female humans.

Answer 34

Menarche

Question 35

Erikson’s third stage, where children begin to assert control and power over their environment, or feel guilty about their efforts.

Answer 35

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 36

Sex traits that emerge during puberty, like body hair.

Answer 36

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Question 37

The biological process marking the end of menstrual cycles in women.

Answer 37

Menopause

Question 38

The understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original form.

Answer 38

Reversibility

Question 39

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

Answer 39

Object Performance

Question 40

The belief in one’s own uniqueness and invincibility, often seen in adolescence.

Answer 40

Personal Fable

Question 41

The inability to differentiate between one’s perspective and that of others.

Answer 41

Egocentrism

Question 42

Substances or environmental factors that can cause developmental malformations in a fetus when the mother is exposed during pregnancy.

Answer 42

Teratogens

Question 43

Attachment where the child avoids closeness and emotional connections.

Answer 43

Insecure Avoidant Attachment

Question 44

The culturally preferred timing of social events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

Answer 44

Social Clock

Question 45

Biological features that differentiate male from female evident at birth.

Answer 45

Primary Sex Characteristics

Question 46

Belief that inanimate objects are capable of action.

Answer 46

Animism

Question 47

Erikson’s fourth stage, where children learn to be productive and competent, or feel inferior and unable to do tasks well.

Answer 47

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 48

A type of play where children use their imagination to create scenarios and act them out

Answer 48

Pretend Play

Question 49

Vygotsky’s concept of the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance.

Answer 49

Zone of Proximal Development

Question 50

Attachment characterized by a lack of clear attachment behavior. AKA attachment disorder.

Answer 50

Insecure Disorganized Attachment

Question 51

External environmental settings that indirectly affect development, such as a parent’s workplace.

Answer 51

Exosystem

Question 52

Piaget’s second stage (2 to 7), where children use language but lack reasoning.

Answer 52

Preoperational Stage

Question 53

The ability to understand that others have thoughts and feelings different from one’s own.

Answer 53

Theory of Mind