Development

Question 1

Sensorimotor

Answer 1

0-2: Object permanence develops
Primary circular reactions- coordinates aspects of movement
Secondary circular reactions- manipulates objects in environment

Question 2

Preoperational

Answer 2

2-6: Representational thought
Centration- only focus on 1 thing at a time
Egocentricism- world in their focus

Question 3

Concrete Operational

Answer 3

7-11: Conservation

Question 4

Formal Operational

Answer 4

11+: Abstract thought

Question 5

Zone of proximal development

Answer 5

Skills that are in the process of developing

Question 6

Vygotsky

Answer 6

Child internalizes culture and social rules and cognitions develop accordingly from that.

Question 7

Pragmatics

Answer 7

Efficient use of a language

Question 8

Semantics

Answer 8

Word meaning

Question 9

Syntax

Answer 9

Word order

Question 10

Phonology

Answer 10

Actual sound of language

Question 11

Categorical perception

Answer 11

Distinguish between sounds that denote differences in meaning and those that do not

Question 12

Holophrasis

Answer 12

Toddler use of 1 word to convey thought. Up to 18 months.

Question 13

Errors of growth

Answer 13

2.5-3 years. Child begins to master more complex rules but overregulates.

Question 14

Erikson Stage 1

Answer 14

0-1: Trust v Mistrust

Question 15

Erikson Stage 2

Answer 15

1-3: Autonomy v Shame

Question 16

Erikson Stage 3

Answer 16

3-6: Initiative v Guilt

Question 17

Erikson Stage 4

Answer 17

6-12: Industry v Inferiority

Question 18

Erikson Stage 5

Answer 18

12-18: Identity v Role Confusion

Question 19

Erikson Stage 6

Answer 19

18-40: Intimacy v Isolation

Question 20

Erikson Stage 7

Answer 20

40-60: Generativity v Stagnation

Question 21

Erikson Stage 8

Answer 21

60+: Integrity v Despair

Question 22

Social Smiling

Answer 22

5 months- only familiar faces illicit smiles

Question 23

Fear response

Answer 23

Someone taken away, someone harmful appears

Question 24

Phases of attachment

Answer 24

Bowlby

1. Pre-attachment- infact reacts the same to all faces
2. 3 months: discriminates between familiar and unfamiliar faces
3. 6 months: seeks out the mother
4. 9-12: fear of strangers
5. Second year: separation anxiety from mother

Question 25

Insecure/Avoidant

Answer 25

Not distressed when left alone, avoid contact with mother

Question 26

Insecure/Resistant

Answer 26

Distressed during separation and resist physical contact upon return

Question 27

Secure

Answer 27

Mildly distressed but greet her positively

Question 28

Preconventional morality

Answer 28

1. Punishment and obedience | 2. Instrumental relativist stage- orientation toward reciprocity

Question 29

Conventional morality

Answer 29

1. "Good girl, nice boy" orientation- seeks approval | 2. Law-and-order orientation (ruled by authority)

Question 30

Post Conventional morality

Answer 30

1. Social contract orientation- to the greater good | 2. Universal ethical principles

Question 31

Heinz dilemma

Answer 31

Okay to steal the medicine? Thought process that underlies the answer.

Question 32

Gender labeling

Answer 32

2-3: Realize they are a member of a particular sex and label themselves as such

Question 33

Gender stability

Answer 33

3-4: Predict that they will still be a boy/girl when they grow up. Based on physical notion of gender

Question 34

Gender consistancy

Answer 34

4-7: Understand the permanency of gender, regardless of what someone wears

Question 35

Rooting

Answer 35

Turns head in direction of stimuli on cheek

Question 36

Moro

Answer 36

Abrupt movement of head- fling out arms and extend fingers, then bring it all back

Question 37

Babinski

Answer 37

Spread toes when feet are stimulated

Question 38

Grasping

Answer 38

Close fingers around objects placed in hand

Question 39

Zygote

Answer 39

Single cell

Question 40

Germinal

Answer 40

0-2 wks: fertilized egg travels down fallopian tube and implants on uterine wall

Question 41

Embryonic

Answer 41

2-10 wks: increases in size

Question 42

Fetal

Answer 42

3rd month- electrical activity in fetus brain