Development of Biochemistry

Question 1

Biochemistry spans approximately how many years?

Answer 1

400 years

Question 2

In what year was the term “biochemistry” first used?

Answer 2

1882

Question 3

Who is considered the Father of Biochemistry?

Answer 3

Carl Neuberg

Question 4

Carl Neuberg proposed the term “biochemistry” in what year?

Answer 4

1903

Question 5

Who proved that organic compounds can be created artificially?

Answer 5

Friedrich Wohler

Question 6

Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from inorganic compounds using ___?

Answer 6

ammonium cyanate

Question 7

Friedrich Wohler’s study was followed by _____?

Answer 7

Chemical studies of respiration, fermentation, and the qualitative analysis of naturally occurring substances

Question 8

What year did Friedrich Wohler complete his study of urea?

Answer 8

1828

Question 9

What was Carl Neuberg’s nationality and occupation?

Answer 9

German chemist

Question 10

Who coined the term “enzyme”?

Answer 10

Wilhelm Kuhne

Question 11

“Enzyme” comes from what Greek term?

Answer 11

in leaven

Question 12

An enzyme is considered as what type of protein?

Answer 12

Catalyst

Question 13

What is the function of catalysts?

Answer 13

To speed up chemical processes

Question 14

Pepsin is an example of what molecule?

Answer 14

Enzyme

Question 15

This term was used to refer to non-living substances.

Answer 15

Enzyme

Question 16

Saliva breaks down food in our mouth due to the presence of what enzyme?

Answer 16

Amylase/ptyalin

Question 17

In enzymes, the suffix “ase” means ___?

Answer 17

break down

Question 18

Mateo ate a bowl of ice cream and felt his stomach begin to hurt after a while. Mateo’s body lacks what specific enzyme?

Answer 18

Lactase

Question 19

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?

Answer 19

Sucrase

Question 20

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?

Answer 20

Sucrase

Question 21

True or False: Eduard Buchner discovered that sugar cannot be fermented if there are no living yeast cells in the mixture.

Answer 21

FALSE. Sugar can still be fermented despite the absence of living yeast cells.

Question 22

Who studied the ability of yeast extracts to ferment sugar?

Answer 22

Eduard Buchner

Question 23

What year did Eduard Buchner’s study take place?

Answer 23

1897

Question 24

It is the process in which sugars are transformed into new products through chemical reactions

Answer 24

Fermentation

Question 25

True or False: Adding more sugar before fermenting wine will result in a higher alcohol level.

Answer 25

TRUE. Fermentation is the transformation of sugars, therefore more sugar to transform into alcohol = higher alcohol content.

Question 26

True or False: Adding more sugar before fermenting wine will result in a higher alcohol level.

Answer 26

TRUE. Fermentation is the transformation of sugars, therefore more sugar to transform into alcohol = higher alcohol content.

Question 27

What are some products created through fermentation?

Answer 27

Alcohol, dairy products (cheese, yogurt), kimchi, vinegar

Question 28

Who proved that the enzyme urease was a pure protein?

Answer 28

James B. Sumner

Question 29

How did James B. Sumner conduct his study?

Answer 29

He crystallized enzymes like any other organic compound.

Question 30

James B. Sumner conducted his study on urease and later what other enzyme?

Answer 30

catalase

Question 31

True or False: James B. Sumner proved that catalase was a pure protein in 1926, and did the same with urease in 1937.

Answer 31

FALSE. Urease was proven first in 1926, followed by catalase in 1937.

Question 32

Urease breaks down what compound?

Answer 32

Urea

Question 33

What is the function of catalase in the body?

Answer 33

It protects body cells and tissues by breaking down hydrogen peroxide

Question 34

Catalase is an enzyme. What specific chemical reaction does it catalyze?

Answer 34

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

Question 35

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is broken down by catalase into what two elements?

Answer 35

Water (H2O) and oxygen (O2)

Question 36

True or False: Hydrogen peroxide is harmful to the body.

Answer 36

True, this is why it is needed to be broken down by catalase.

Question 37

Who showed DNA to be the agent of genetic transformation?

Answer 37

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Question 38

What was James Dewey Watson's significant contribution to biochemistry?

Answer 38

He described the structure of DNA.

Question 39

When did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty conduct their study?

Answer 39

1944

Question 40

In particular, what shape is the structure of DNA?

Answer 40

Double helical

Question 41

Give some examples of new techniques used in biochemistry that have been developed since the mid-20th century.

Answer 41

Chromatography, XRAY diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, radio isotopic labelling, electron microscopy, molecular dynamic simulations

Question 42

Who is credited with discovering the citric acid cycle?

Answer 42

Hans Krebs

Question 43

What does NMR stand for?

Answer 43

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Question 44

Hans Krebs discovered a number of different biochemical cycles with the help of ___?

Answer 44

Hans Kornberg

Question 45

Krebs and Kornberg discovered which biochemical cycles?

Answer 45

Urea cycle, citric acid cycle, and glycoxylate cycle

Question 46

The Krebs cycle (named after Hans Krebs) is also known as ____?

Answer 46

Citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic cycle

Question 47

Why is it called the citric acid cycle?

Answer 47

Because citric acid is the first product of the cycle.