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Cardiorespiratory CC > Development of Heart > Flashcards

Development of Heart Flashcards

1
Q

No. of heart defects

A

1:200 babies

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2
Q

Cyanotic Heart lesions

A

Right to Left
Mix of O2 poor systemic blood with O2 rich pulmonary blood
Septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus

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3
Q

Acyanotic Heart lesions

A

Left to Right
Narrowed valves or vessels that greatly increase the workload of the heart
Generally structural problems
Coarctation of Aorta

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4
Q

Heartbeat Detected first

A

day 22

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5
Q

Heart develops from this tissue

A

Cardiogenic mesoderm

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6
Q

Primitive heart tube formation

A

Day 21

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7
Q

Sinus venosus becomes

A

Right atrium, IVC + coronary sinus

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8
Q

Primitive atria become

A

R + L auricles, and left atrium

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9
Q

Atrioventricular sulcus divides

A

Atria from primitive ventricle

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10
Q

Primitive ventricle becomes

A

Left Ventricle

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11
Q

Interventricular sulcus divides

A

Primitive ventricle from bulbus cordis

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12
Q

Bulbus cordis 1/3 becomes

A

Muscular RV

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13
Q

Bulbus cordis 2/3 becomes

A

Smooth outflow of RV and LV

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14
Q

Truncus arteriosus becomes

A

Asc Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

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15
Q

Situs invertus occurrence

A

1:7000

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16
Q

Endocardial cushions derived from

A

Neural crest

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17
Q

Septum primum appearance

A

day 28

18
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Shunts blood pulmonary trunk –> ascending aorta (lungs bypassed)

19
Q

Ductus arteriosus reasons

A 
Protects lungs against circulatory overload
Allows RV to strengthen
High pulmonary vascular resistance
Low Pulmonary blood flow
Moderately saturated blood
20
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Shunts blood from umbilical vein to IVC
Bypasses liver
Flow regulated via sphincter

21
Q

Ductus venosus reasons

A

Conducts highly oxygenated blood

22
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Bypasses pulmonary circulation

Shunts highly oxygenated blood RA –> LA

23
Q

Umbilical vein becomes

A

Ligamentum Teres

24
Q

Mesentry becomes

A

Falciform ligament

25
Q

Ductus venosus becomes

A

Ligamentum venosum of liver

26
Q

Foramen ovale becomes

A

Fossa ovalis

27
Q

Foramen Ovale Change mechanism

A

Decreased flow from placenta and IVC –> lower pressure in RA
Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance secondary to lung expansion
Increase pulmonary blood flow
Higher LA pressure compared to IVC
Closure due to higher LA pressure than RA

28
Q

Ductus arteriosus becomes

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

29
Q

Ductus arteriosum change mechanism

A

Closed by increased paO2

Closure mediated by bradykinin

30
Q

What may reopen Ductus arteriosus

A

Prostaglandin E2

31
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Overriding aorta arising directly above septal defect
RV hypertrophy
Ventricular Septal defect
Narrow RV flow

32
Q

Cyanotic Heart lesions

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus Arteriosus
Transposition of the Great Vessels

33
Q

Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

A

Single artery comes from heart- supplies both aorta + pulmonary artery
Large VSD allows mixing of R + L ventricular blood

34
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

Aorta + pulmonary artery switched

blue baby

35
Q

Acyanotic Heart Diseases

A

Atrial Septal Defects
Ventricular Septal Defects
Patent Ductus Arteriosus

36
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

A

Hole between 2 atria
7:10000 births
2:1 prevalence F:M
Asymptomatic first 3 decades of life

37
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

A

25% congenital birth defects
Many close spontaneously- 30-50%
90% in membranous septum- L->R of blood + pulmonary hypertension
10% in muscular septum- L->R of blood

38
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

Connection between descending aorta to main pulmonary trunk

Near origin of left subclavian

39
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

A

Constriction may be above or below ductus arteriosus
Pre-ductal= allow blood flow
Post-ductal= Collateral circulation must be established

40
Q

Coarctation of Aorta diagnosis

A

Systematic hypertension
Secondary LVH with heart failure
Decreased lower extremity pulses

41
Q

Coarctation of aorta treatment

A

Balloon angioplasty

42
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus diagnosis

A

Prostaglandin inhibitor- ibuprofen

Clip above 3 months (surgery)

Cardiorespiratory CC (34 decks)

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