Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

> 2mm systolic prolapse of 1 or both valve leaflets beyond long-axis annular plane during 2D echo

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2
Q

Mitral valve prolapse prevalence

A

2-3%

M + W equal

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3
Q

Mitral valve prolapse Pathology

A

Histologically normal valves
Marfan
Ehlers Danlos

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4
Q

Mitral valve prolapse physiology

A

Valve leaflets prolapse into left atrium during systole

Mitral regurgitation

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5
Q

Mitral valve prolapse symptoms

A

usually asymptomatic

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6
Q

Mitral valve prolapse signs

A

Ejection click

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7
Q

Mitral valve prolapse treatment

A

Usually none necessary

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8
Q

Aortic stenosis causes

A

Calcified disease
Congenital bicuspid valve
Rheumatic disease

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9
Q

Aortic stenosis Symptoms

A
Dyspnoea
Angina
Syncope
LV failure
Sudden death
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10
Q

Aortic stenosis signs

A

Slow rising carotid pulse
S4
Possible ejection click
Ejection systolic murmur

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11
Q

Aortic regurgitation Causes

A

Aortic valve leaflet disease

Aortic root dilating disease

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12
Q

Aortic regurgitation symptoms

A

Often none
Dyspnoea
Angina

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13
Q

Aortic regurgitation Signs

A

Rapidly rising carotid pulse
Early diastolic murmur
Ejection murmur

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14
Q

Mitral stenosis causes

A

Rheumatic fever

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15
Q

Mitral stenosis symptoms

A
Dyspnoea
RV Failure
Palpitations
Irregular HB
Systemic emboli
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16
Q

Mitral stenosis Signs

A
AF pulse
Auscultation (Loud S1)
Increased JVP
Basal creeps
Ankle oedema
17
Q

Mitral regurgitation Causes

A

Mitral valve leaflet disease
Subvalvular disease
Functional MR

18
Q

Mitral regurgitation Symptoms

A

Dyspnoea
Palpitations
Systemic emboli

19
Q

Mitral regurgitations Signs

A

Pulse- systemic rumble, AF
Auscultation- S3
Volume overload- increased JVP, basal creps, ankle oedema