Diabetes 1

Question 1

What is the major source of energy for the human body?

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

Which organs use glucose as their main energy source?

Answer 2

Brain, retina,

Question 3

Which two hormones are involved in the fine tuning of glucose regulation?

Answer 3

Insulin and glucagon

Question 4

What is the general BGC?

Answer 4

5.5mmol

Question 5

Which neurological disease can be driven by hyperglycemia?

Answer 5

Dementia

Question 6

WHich metabolic issues can be driven by BGC homeostasis disruptions?

Answer 6

Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome

Question 7

What is diabetes or diabetes mellitus?

Answer 7

a complex group of chronic, metabolic diseases with a variety of causes. Usually, it is caused by defect in insulin secretion and/or in insulin action

Question 8

What is diabetes/diabetes mellitus characrerised by?

Answer 8

abnormally high blood levels of glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycaemia.

Question 9

What is an insulin resistant state?

Answer 9

When the peripheral tissues stop responding to physiological levels of insul

Question 10

What are the main peripheral organs/tissues responsible for lowering the blood glucose concentration?

Answer 10

skeletal muscles, fat, and liver

Question 11

At what BGC do the beta cells of the pancreas start producing insulin?

Answer 11

6mmol

Question 12

Common forms of diebetes?

Answer 12

Type 1, type 2, gestational

Question 13

Polygenic meaning?

Answer 13

many genesre affected

Question 14

Type 1 diabetes cause and %?

Answer 14

Body produces antibodies against beta cells of pancreas
10% of cases

Question 15

Type 1 diabetes treatment?

Answer 15

Insulin

Question 16

Type 2 diabetes characteristics and %?

Answer 16

Non insulin-dependant, 90% of cases
Body develops a resistance to insulin

Question 17

Rare forms of diebetes?

Answer 17

MODY, neonatal diabetes

Question 18

What is MODY?

Answer 18

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young.

Question 19

Why is MODY more likely to be inherited?

Answer 19

Stronger genetic risk factor

Question 20

Onset speed of type 1?

Answer 20

Fast

Question 21

When does type 1 typically develop?

Answer 21

Child or young adult, b4 age 40

Question 22

start of type 2?

Answer 22

peripheral tissues Insulin Resistance, but insulin is still produced

Question 23

Development of type 2?

Answer 23

those suffering from type 2 diabetes are unable to produce enough insulin, and they gradually require insulin to treat

Question 24

Type 2 onset speed?

Answer 24

Slow

Question 25

When does type 2 develop?

Answer 25

over the age of 45

Question 26

Type 2 risk factors?

Answer 26

Overweight (2335mg/m^2)

Question 27

When is gestational diabetes diagnosed?

Answer 27

second or third trimester of pregnancy that was not clearly overt diabetes prior to gestation

Question 28

Gestational diabetes characteristics?

Answer 28

inability of the body to respond to the increasing demands for insulin during the late stages of the development of the foetus

Question 29

Key drivers of gestational diebetes?

Answer 29

the obesity epidemic, physical inactivity, and rising maternal age.

Question 30

Consequences of GD for the mother?

Answer 30

T2D, chronic metabolic conditions

Question 31

Consequences of GD for the foets?

Answer 31

adverse effect of antidiabetic drugs, complications later in life

Question 32

Most common metabolic disturbance during pregnancy?

Answer 32

Gestational diabetes