Diabetes

Question 1

5 complications of diabetes

Answer 1

chronic renal failure, adult blindness, amputation, strokes/DVT, HTN

Question 2

Average amount of insulin secreted in an adult daily

Answer 2

40 to 50 units

Question 3

4 hormones that oppose insulin and how do they do that?

Answer 3

Glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol decrease movement of glucose into cells.

Question 4

DM1 antibodies attack what?

Answer 4

insulin or beta cells

Question 5

Type 1 6 s/s

Answer 5

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,N/V, weightloss fatigue

Question 6

the 3 gs

Answer 6

Glucogon is a hormone in the pancreas which promotes breakdown of glycogen and turns into glucose in the liver.

Question 7

fasting glucose numbers

Answer 7

100-125

Question 8

impaired glucose tolerance

Answer 8

140-199

Question 9

DM2 s/s 3 you don’t know

Answer 9

always tired, sexual problems, yeast infections

Question 10

one manifestation of insulin resistance

Answer 10

Acanthosis nigricans

Question 11

when should DM 2 begin?

Answer 11

overweigh people 35 and up every 3 years

Question 12

What defects do oral DM drugs work on 3

Answer 12

insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, increased hepatic glucose reduction

Question 13

What do biguanides do and give a name 3

Answer 13

Metformin primary is to decrease glucose production in the liver, enhance insulin sensitivity, improves glucose transfer

Question 14

metformin can be used to blank age and blank

Answer 14

prevent DM in people younger than 60 with risk factors

Question 15

two other things metformin can help with

Answer 15

weight loss and lower cholesterol

Question 16

metformin can cause 2

Answer 16

diarrhea and bloating

Question 17

Metformin is contraindicated in people with 3 because?

Answer 17

Kidney disease, liver disease, heart failure, lactic acidosis

Question 18

Met formin dont…

Answer 18

Consume lots of alcohol

Question 19

names of sulfonylureas 3

Answer 19

Glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide

Question 20

what do sulfonylureas do 3

Answer 20

increase insulin production from pancreas, stimulate sustained insulin release, lower A1C

Question 21

What to watch for with sulfonylureas 2

Answer 21

hypoglycemia, weight gain

Question 22

meglitinide name and what does it do why is it better and when to take?

Answer 22

prandin stimulates rapis insulin release more rapidly absorbed than sulf (causes less hypo) and before meals

Question 23

insulin pumps are only blank and at the end of name? plus one more

Answer 23

rapid acting log glulisine

Question 24

What is intermediate insulin

Answer 24

NPH

Question 25

3 recommendations for exercise for DM

Answer 25

one hour after meal or 10-15gram snack check BS small carb snacks during

Question 26

hyperosmolar syndrome

Answer 26

extreme increase in BG most common in type 2 triggered by illness or infection

Question 27

hypogly sugar

Answer 27

less than 70

Question 28

causes of hypogly 3

Answer 28

sedation, reduction in cortico. renal fail

Question 29

most common hypo 3

Answer 29

type 1, standing type 2 elderly

Question 30

hypo treatment

Answer 30

rule of 15

Question 31

how to fix hypo in hospital and what could happen 2

Answer 31

glucogon rebound hyper and second episode if less than 50

Question 32

somogyi effect

Answer 32

hypergly in am thought to be from hypo from insulin

Question 33

dawn phenomenon

Answer 33

hyper in am from secretion of counter regulatory hormones

Question 34

3 causes of hypergly

Answer 34

physical/emotional stress/ infection illness, cortico,

Question 35

what are ketones

Answer 35

acidic by products of fat metabolism.

Question 36

What causes DKA

Answer 36

Severe fluid disturbances osmotic diuresis increased k decreased Na and bicarb

Question 37

gastric sleeve what to watch for

Answer 37

dehydration