Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nur 111 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

secreted by:
of the :

A

INSULIN- from pancreas a hormone secreted by the BETA CELLS of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS in the PANCREAS in response to an INCREASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much units

A

40-60 units secreted by pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal blood glucose range

A

74-106 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Insulin

A

AIDS in transport and metabolism glucose for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glucagon

A

Glucose in liver storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin role (5)

A

Stimulates storage of glucose in the liver as glycogen

*Signals the liver to stop the release of glucose

*Enhances the storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue

*Accelerates protein synthesis into cells of the muscles

*Facilitates the release of stored glucose, protein from muscle and fat from adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polyphagia

A

Increase hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Polydypsia

A

Increased thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycouria

A

Sugar in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 p’s in db type 1

s/s (4)

A

Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

quick onset/ less than 30/ normal or under BMI/ ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

type 1 vs type 2

A

type 1: insulin deficiency. autoimmune. Requires insulin therapy.

type 2: (lifestyle) insulin resistant. receptor cells are resistant to insulin. Can be genetic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type 2 s/s (6)

A

Chronic
Frequent infections (yeast infections)
-prolonged wound healing
Numbness+ tingling in hands and feet
Fatigue (harder to diagnosis)
Blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risk for type 2:

waist

triglycerides

HDL

BP

Fasting Glucose ( state normal)

A

waist: men greater than 37 inches
women greater than 33

triglycerides greater than 150

men less than 40
women less than 50

greater than 130/85

greater than 106 (Normal is
74-106mg/dl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE II
DM (9)

A
  • Obesity- 25 lbs. above ideal weight (abdominal
    fat)
  • Hereditary
  • Age >45 years
  • Stress
  • Race: African American, Native American, Hispanic,
    Asian American and Pacific Islanders
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Dx of Prediabetes or gestational DM
  • Hypertension
  • High Cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GESTATIONAL DIABETES (4)

whenare moms screened/risk factors 3

A

Occurs in 2 -10%
pregnancies in US

Increases the risk of C-
section delivery,
Preeclampsia and fetal
macrosomia

Risk factors include obesity,
advanced maternal age,
family hx of DM

Moms screened at 24-28
wks with OGTT (oral glucose
tolerance test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SECONDARY DIABETES ( 3)

A

Associated with pancreatic & endocrine
disorders such as Cushings syndrome,
acromegaly

Use of certain medications such as
corticosteroids (prednisone), estrogen,
thiazides

Contribute to diabetes d/t damages to the B-
cell functioning in the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PREDIABETES
(define/ IFG/ IGT/interventions *2)

A

Blood sugar levels elevated but not high enough to be classified as diabetic- most
likely will progress to type 2

  • IFG: Fasting blood glucose levels 106-
    125mg/dl
  • IGT: Glucose tolerance test 140-199mg/dl

Interventions :
a. Losing weight and increase activity may prevent or delay DM

b. Monitor blood glucose levels, HgA1C levels,
assess for s/s DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

**DIAGNOSIS OF DM **
Fasting Plasma Glucose=
Confirmed by:
A1C= * remember what professor d said*
Fasting=
2hr =
Glucose Tolerance =

A
  • Fasting plasma glucose > 126
  • Confirmed by repeat test on another day:
    preferred
  • A1C lab result 6.5% or higher !
  • 2 hr Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
  • Fasting at least 8hr, drink glucose liquid (75gm),
    blood drawn before liquid and again at 60 mins
    after and 120 mins after consumption.
  • 140-199 Prediabetes

urine = negative

  • Glucose tolerance >200 confirms DM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD
GLUCOSE LEVELS (RAISE) 7

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Food
  • Stress
  • Growth
  • Meds(steroids, epinephrine)
  • Menstrual cycle
  • Fatigue
  • Lack of exercise
20
Q

FACTORS help BLOOD
GLUCOSE LEVELS (LOWER) 6

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Insulin
  • Oral diabetic meds
  • Exercise
  • Fasting
    alcohol
  • Medications
21
Q

Tips( hint discharge chart) Treatment regimen (5)

Study These Flashcards
A

Education
* Nutrition
* Exercise
* Medications
* Self-monitoring

22
Q

4 GOALS OF DIETARY
MANAGEMENT

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Achieve and maintain reasonable body
    weight
  2. Maintain near normal blood sugars
  3. Reduce fat and salt intake
  4. Maintain proper nutrition
23
Q

NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS (8)
* Adequate calories:

  • Protein:
  • CHO:
  • FAT:
  • Cholesterol:
  • NA:
  • Fiber:
  • Alcohol:
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Adequate calories: (1800 – 2200
    ADA)
  • Protein: 15-20% of calories
  • CHO: 45 – 60gm/meal
  • FAT: saturated fats 7% of total
    calories
  • Cholesterol: < 200 mg/day
  • NA: 2300 or less mg/day
  • Fiber: 25-30 GM/day
  • Alcohol: limit to 1 glass/day
24
Q

Main Diet Points (6)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Eat same time
  • Eat from all food groups
  • Maintain CHO control with each meal
    (45-60gm/meal)
  • Limit fats and sugars
  • Eat about same amounts (portion control)
  • Include low CHO snacks between meals to
    prevent low blood sugar & keep blood glucose
    even
25
Lab Test/monitoring (5) -Glucose levels can vary from
-Glucose levels can vary from 70 -400mg/dl in a single day Log kept for self glucose monitoring More accurate than urine testing Rotate times for accurate picture of how diet and exercise impact levels Typical hospital monitoring: ac meals and at hs (using a sliding insulin scale)
26
Typical hospital monitoring:( think of math class)
ac meals and at hs (using a sliding insulin scale)
27
GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN (HGBA1C) *2*
- Amount of HgB that has glucose attached to it * Measures how the blood sugar has been maintained over a three-month period
28
HGBA1C results (3) ( define state ideal)
measures how the blood sugar has maintained over three month period !~Ideal less than 7 % ( diabetic pts) 2-5% good control ( good glucose level) 6-8% fair control, greater than 8 poor controls (need to review diabetic care)
29
exercise (6)
Increase the use of glucose at muscle * Increase insulin sensitivity/reduction of insulin resistance * May lead to low blood sugar levels * 30mins/5xweek * Promotes weight loss * Monitor for s/s of hypoglycemia
30
Health teaching (6)
Control blood glucose levels * Follow meal plan, Regular exercise * Quit smoking * Control blood pressure, Limit salt, Limit alcohol * Insulin administration * S/S hyper/hypoglycemia -eye exams - dental - doctors -foot doctor (podratic) -medical bracelets
31
TREATMENT FOR LOW BLOOD SUGAR: Check blood glucose level: Rule 15 ( 2 ) In the hospital :
Check blood glucose level: less than 70 requires immediate action Use rule of 15: -Give 15gm simple, fast-acting CHO (4-6oz regular soda, 4-6oz OJ, 1TBS honey, 6 jellybeans, 2-3 glucose tablets) -Retest after 15 minutes: if BS still less than 70 give additional 15gm CHO, then recheck in 15 mins. If no improvement call MD In the hospital, treat with 20-50ml 50% dextrose IV (50% glucose) push, or administer Glucagon IM or SQ (use deltoid)
32
HYPOGLYCEMIA ( define state the number) ( causes)*4* state the analogy | think of mall cop
LOW Blood glucose Below 70mg/dl Causes: Too much medication Too little food Too much activity Cool and Clammy = need some candy
33
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of Hypo (7)( TIRED)
* “cold and clammy get the candy” * Shaking, Sweating * Tachycardia * Anxious/dizziness * Impaired vision ( colors) ( pilsbury) * Weakness, fatigue * Headache, irritable, confusion
34
HYPERGLYCEMIA (9)
* “warm and dry sugar’s high” ( dry skin ) * Extreme thirst * Increased urination * Increase hunger * Glycosuria * Blurred vision * Drowsiness, weakness, fatigue * Nausea & vomiting, fruity breath - LOC is loss
35
COMPLICATIONS OF DM (heart/eyes/kidney/body) | heart *5*, eyes *5*, kidney*1* , Nervous system * 1* , body *2*
***Heart****** Stroke * Coronary artery disease * Atherosclerosis * Hypertension * Peripheral artery disease ***eyes*** * Diabetic retinopathy * Cataracts * Glaucoma * Blindness ***Kidney*** * Chronic kidney disease * * Diabetic nephropathy ***Nervous system *** * Peripheral neuropathy ***Body*** * Infections * Gangrene (tissue death)
36
A1C purpose
shows physicians how compliance with their diet. regardless how well they ate prior to testing this is the real test.
37
PT with type 1 requires
insulin to survive!!!
38
twice a day monitoring
diabetes 1
39
twice a week monitoring
diabtes 2
40
gestational diabetes FG ( when do we screen)
greater than 200 24-28 weeks
41
diabetes ( A1C / fasting blood glucose/ glucose tolerance test )
6.5 or greater 126 or greater 200 or greater ( drink the drink within a hour)
42
prediabetes ( A1C / fasting blood glucose/ glucose tolerance test )
5.7 - 6.4 100-125 mg/dl 140-199 md/dl
43
normal rates diabetes ( A1C / fasting blood glucose/ glucose tolerance test )
5.7 equal to or less 99( or 106) or less 140 equal to or less
44
obese rates
greater than 25
45
glucagon vs glycogen
when glucose is gone. released glycogen stored in the liver

Nur 111 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions