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Nur 111 > Unit 3 - Pain > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Pain Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Pain –

A

an unpleasant sensory and emotional. experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

Cutaneous (superficial) –

Deep somatic (5) –

Visceral (3)–

A

involves skin or
subcutaneous tissue, ex. paper cut, touching a hot
object

pain originates in ligaments,
tendons, bones, blood vessels and nerves, ex. sprain,
fx, arthritis, bone cancer/fracture

Pain originates from internal organs:
thorax, cranium and abdomen, ex. Organ ca,
ischemia, menstrual cramps.

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3
Q

Psychogenic –

A

the physical cause
for pain can’t be identified. WE CANT SEE. EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS

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4
Q

Acute –

Chronic –

Intractable –

A

sudden or slow in onset, varies
from mild to severe, may last up to six
months, subsides as healing takes
place, protective, represents potential or
present tissue damage

last 6 months or longer,
limits everyday functioning

highly resistant to
relief, such as in advanced
malignancy

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5
Q

Migrane is an example of what origin of pain?

A

viseral

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6
Q

Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is (Believe your client)

T or F

A

T

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7
Q

Radiating (define & examples)

A

felt at the source of pain and extends to nearby tissues,

ex., cardiac pain – chest, left
shoulder and down the arm, even
the jaw

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8
Q

Referred –

A

felt in a part of the. body distant from the tissue
causing the pain.

 ex. Kidney pain may be felt along
the thigh, in women a heart attack
may be felt as abdominal/epigastric
d

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9
Q

Etiology of pain examples ( 3)

A

a. burning pain,
b. post herpetic neuralgia (shingles)
c. phantom pain

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10
Q

Neuropathic Pain ( d/t what ???)

A

complex and chronic pain, arising from injury to
peripheral or central nervous system d/t ILLNESSS

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11
Q

Peripheral Pain Syndromes ( 3)

A

Causalgia

Post herpetic neuralgia

Phantom limb pain

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12
Q

Causalgia-

Post herpetic neuralgia-

Phantom limb pain-

A

persistent, severe, burning sensation of skin (redness, inflamMATION ) eczema

nerve damage from virus causing shingles

post surgical or traumatic amputation.

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13
Q

Diabetes neuropathy is an example of:

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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14
Q

Central Pain Syndromes ( two names)

A

Thalamic syndrome
Trigeminal Neuralgia

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15
Q

THALAMIC syndrome- (what kind of pts)

TRIGEMINAL Neuralgia-

A

neurological disorder that develops when the central
nervous system—the brain and spinal cord—
is damaged (post stroke)

nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face (along trigeminal
nerve).

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16
Q

wheres trigeminal nerve?

A

along the face

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17
Q

Pain with underlying pathology syndromes ( 6)

A

 Musculoskeletal pain syndrome = osteoporios
 Myofascial pain syndrome
 Intervetebral disc syndrome = disc degernradting/ ushion is like bone to bone.
 Arthritis
 Headache
 Cancer pain
syndrome

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18
Q

What kind of pain is headache?

A

viseral

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19
Q

what kind of pain is intervetebral disc syndrome ?

A

somatic

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20
Q

what kind of pain is myofascial pain syndrome?

A

Cutaneous

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21
Q

NocicePTION

A

the process of pain. perception

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22
Q

A. Transduction –

B. Transmisson ( route)

Study These Flashcards
A

INJURY OCCURS.tissue injury stimulate nerve fibers that signals the brain

THE ACTUAL INJURY PAIN SIGNALS. Transmission of
pain – from peripheral nerves and spinal cord- thalamus-

23
Q

C. Perception - ( list the double T’s and D)

D. Modulation –

Study These Flashcards
A

Perception involves the recognition and definition of pain in the frontal cortex. ( threshold/ tolerance/duration )

brain stem sends signals back down spinal cord/ By facilitating or inhibiting pain signals through the endogenous analgesia system and the gate-control mechanism.

24
Q

Gate control theory describes the:

  • NAME FIBERS AND THEIR DUTY
Study These Flashcards
A

mechanism of pain sensation
 Pain is perceived by the interplay between 2 fibers-
those that produce pain (C), and those that inhibit
pain (A Delta)

25
Gate control explained ( EXAMPLES)
Gate open with body injury/pain  When skin is stimulated (massage) after pain response, it closes the gate to spinal cord - decreases number of pain impulses that reach the brain for perception
26
Therapy: Spinal Cord stimulator- Acupuncture- Acupressure- Myofascial release therapy (active release)- Massage- Low level laser therapy-
surgically implanted for intractable pain (for pain NOT relieved) tens (block pain receptors) stimulates endogenous analgesia (norepinephrine, serotonin) firm, gentle pressure, induces relaxation, relieve pain manual pressure to over used/injured muscles and nerves loosens adhesions/scar tissue cutaneous stimulation cold laser (light penetrates deeply into tissue decreasing inflammation)
27
Pain sensation – Pain reaction –
stimuli patient perceives as pain. pain stimulates “fight or flight”, pain fibers become sensitized that can intensify and spread
28
Pain threshold – Pain tolerance –
  Pain threshold LEAST AMOUNT OF STIMULI . is the point at which the brain recognizes and defines a stimulus as pain the max amount and duration of pain an individual is willing to experience.
29
Factors Affecting the Pain Experience (6)
1. Fear 2. Fatigue 3.Lack of knowledge 4.Culture/Ethnic 5.Developmental (adaptive/learned behavior) 6.previous pain experience
30
Developmental Factors of pain  Newborn  Toddler/Preschooler  School Age Child  Adolescents  Adult  Older Adult
 Newborn ( cry)  Toddler/Preschooler (verbally/pointing)  School Age Child ( able to speak)  Adolescents ( sometimes reluctance)  Adult ( vary may be related to childhood/ gender based/ seen as weakness)  Older Adult ( may be unable to speak bc cognitive impairment/ atypical ways/ nonverbal /social isolation/depression/sleep disturbances/ impaired mobility)
31
Assessment of Pain(Fifth Vital Sign) * 5*
1. Location – where is your pain?, external? internal?, ask to point to painful area, especially children 2. Onset and duration – how long have you had this pain? How long has it lasted? 3. Intensity/severity – how would you describe the pain? *Use of scale from 0-10 with “0” = no pain * Mild, moderate, severe...\ 4. Quality – ask patient to describe what pain feels like Example: Crushing, burning, constant, dull, sharp, pounding, etc 5. Associated characteristics : ask patient:  Any visual disturbances?  Nausea? Anorexia?  Depression?, muscle spasms, anger, etc
32
four pain scale
interferes with task, moderate pain/tooth ache
33
two pain is ...
mild pain, can be ignored
34
eight pain is ...
interferes with basic needs/severe pain
35
six pain is ...
moderate/interferes with concentration
36
ten pain is...
worst pain/ requires bedrest
37
Behavioral responses –
does the patient rub or support the area, need to make frequent position changes, walk, pace
38
Facial expressions –
grimaces  Verbal expression  Affective responses – how does it make you feel?  How does pain interfere with the client’s life.
39
PQRST ( explain each letter)
P : provocative: (What causes. pain? What makes it better?) Q – quality: (What does it feel like?) R – region/radiation: (Where does the pain radiate?) S- severity: How severe is the pain on a scale of 1 - 10? T - time ( when did the pain start)
40
Nursing interventions: (Independent) (Dependent)):
Therapeutic touch, massage, quiet room, darkened room, music, imagery, distractions (video games, reading, TV) *NEED A DOCTORS ORDER* Medications, acupressure, acupuncture, TENS unit, heat and ice pack/BRACES.
41
Opioid (narcotic)  Action – ____________  Uses: __________  Side effects –_____________
acts in CNS mod-severe pain/most common is CONSTIPATION , most dangerous is respiratory depression
42
Non opioid – Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Classification:  Side effects________  Uses-
Analgesic & Antipyretic both side effects: hepatotoxicity mild to moderate pain
43
NSAID’s - ___________ ( we love this) Classification:  Used for ________  Side effects –
(ibpro) non-steroidal anti inflammatory non-opiod Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antipyretic Fever and musculoskeletal pain. Can cause GI bleeding, No ASA while taking this med, can cause kidney damage.
44
Opioid and nonopioid combination  Example: _________________  Uses- ___________  Effects -_________
Lortab, Norco, Vicodin/ ibuprofen Treats moderate to severe pain  Effects CNS and peripheral nerve pathways
45
Adjuvant Analgesics  Example:
is a medication that is not primarily designed to control pain but can be used for this purpose valium, vistaril
46
A client is being discharged home on an opioid for chronic back pain. Which medication should the nurse also request? A. Stool softener B. Allergy medication C. Pain reliever D. Anti-ulcer medication
A. STOOL softener
47
  The pain experience can significantly interfere with a person’s quality of life and affect nearly every aspect of daily living. T or F
T
48
Pain is NOT a subjective experience. T OR F
F . it can be
49
A fracture or sprain, arthritis, and bone cancer can cause___________ type of pain
deep somatic pain.
50
Menstrual cramps, labor pain, gastrointestinal (GI) infections, bowel disorders, and organ cancers all produce_______ pain.
visceral
51
A patient who just had their leg amputated but feels as though the leg is still there
Phantom pain
52
chest pain experienced during a myocardial infarction (heart attack) is caused by ____________- stimuli, specifically the changes that result from tissue ischemia.
by internal chemical stimuli,
53
NONOPIOID analgesics include a variety of medications that relieve
mild to moderate pain
54
Acetaminophen vs NSAIDS ( 3 POINTS )
  - Has analgesic and fever-reducing properties.    -Has fewer side effects and is probably the safest of the nonopioids.   - Does not affect platelet function

Nur 111 (18 decks)

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