Unit 2: Activity Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Abduction
A
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. The opposite of abduction is adduction.
2
Q
Adduction
A
when you move a limb/body part towards the center of the body.
3
Q
Aerobic Exercise
A
a physical activity that uses your body’s large muscle groups, is rhythmic and repetitive
4
Q
Ankylosis
A
stiffness or fixation of a joint by disease or surgery
5
Q
Anorexia
A
An eating disorder characterized by markedly reduced appetite or total aversion to food.
6
Q
ATROPHY
A
The meaning of ATROPHY is decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue; also
7
Q
circumduction
A
is the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone
8
Q
contracture
A
A contracture occurs when soft, connective tissue in the body becomes very stiff, constricted, and/or shortened.
9
Q
dorsal recumbent ( hint….birth)
A
A position in which the patient lies on the back with the lower extremities moderately flexed and rotated outward.
10
Q
dorisflexion
A
occurs in your ankle when you draw your toes back toward your shins
11
Q
embolus
A
An embolus is anything that moves through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass
12
Q
eversion
A
the act of turning inside out
13
Q
exercise
A
sends oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and helps your cardiovascular system work more efficiently.
14
Q
extension
A
Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.
15
Q
flaccid paralysis
A
a neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause
16
Q
flexion
A
the action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint
17
Q
fowlers position (high fowlers vs semi flowers)
A
Semi Flowers: position is a supine position in which an individual lies on their back on a bed, with the head of the bed. (15-45 degrees)
High Fowlers:The high Fowler position is a supine position with the head of the bed elevated between (60-90 degrees).
18
Q
Heel cord stretching
A
Heel cord stretch with bent knee.
While supporting yourself on the wall, press your hips forward towards the wall with your heels flat on the floor
19
Q
Hemiplegia
A
paralysis of one side of the body.
20
Q
Hyperextension
A
Hyperextension definition, the extension of a part of the body beyond normal limits.
21
Q
Hypertrophy
A
the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.
22
Q
Inversion
A
a reversal of position, order, form, or relationship
23
Q
Isometric (static)
NOTE: we HATE THIS
A
isometric exercises are done in a still (static) position
24
Q
Isotonic(resistive)
A
movement that requires muscles to resist weight over a range of motion, causing a change to the length of the muscle.
25
Kinesthesia
awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body by means of sensory organs (proprioceptors) in the muscles and joints.
26
Lateral Position
that require surgical access to one side of the patient's body
27
Lithotomy
surgical incision of the urinary bladder for removal of a calculus.
28
Midline
an imaginary line that divides the body or an organ into right and left halve
29
Opposition ( think of what ni ni taught)
a small hand movement consisting of the thumb touching the tips of the other digits
30
Orthostatic Hypotension
a condition in which your blood pressure suddenly drops when you stand up from a seated or lying position.
31
OSTEOporosis
a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
32
Paraplegia
paralysis of the legs and lower body, typically caused by spinal injury or disease.
33
Passive range of motion (PROJM)
Nurse performs all by themselves.
Involves moving joints through their ROM when the patient is unable to do for themselves.
34
Pronation
rotation of an anatomical part towards the midline
35
Prone position
a body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up
36
Range of joint motion (ROJM)
The extent or limit to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point;
37
Resistive Motion
physical therapy a movement made by the patient against the efforts of the therapi
38
Rotation ( internal & externa)
The internal rotation of the shoulder is the rotation towards the centre of the body, whereas, the external rotation is the movement in the opposite direction, which is away from the centre of the body
39
sims position (how i sleep)
position in which the patient lies on their left side, with right hip and knees bent.
40
skin turgor
the skin's elasticity. It is the ability of skin to change shape and return to norma
41
spastic paralysis
paralysis with tonic spasm of the affected muscles and with increased tendon reflexes.
42
Thrombophlebitis
swelling (inflammation) of a vein. A blood clot (thrombus) in the vein can cause this swelling.
43
Trendelenburg position
a position for a patient on the operating table, most commonly used during lower abdominal surgeries and central venous catheter placemen
44
Quadriplegia
a pattern of paralysis — which is when you can't deliberately control or move your muscles — that can affect a person from the neck down
45
Valslva maneuver ( think about how I was at NOLA)
is a breathing technique that can be used to unclog ears, restore heart rhythm or diagnose an autonomic nervous system (ANS).
46
A client is admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is receiving supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula. Which position will best assist his breathing?
fowlers
47
Mariam is an active 69-year-old. She leads the pool aerobic exercise group in the senior retirement community that she and her husband moved to 3 years ago. She walks 2 miles each morning and eats a healthy, balanced diet. She is from a family with longevity and trusts she will have good health well into her 90s.
As Mariam is walking to her exercise class, she steps off the curb and falls. She is taken to the emergency room and diagnosed with a fractured hip. She must be on bedrest and in traction for a week before surgery is scheduled. During that time, the pain is significant and she requires a large amount of pain medicine. Which factors contribute to her immobility? Select all that apply.
A. Age
B. Injury
C. Nutritional status
D. Abuse of body
E. Stress
B E
48
Functional level 0 &1
1: Independent
2: Requires equipment or device
49
Functional level 2
requires help from another person : assistance or teaching
50
Functional level 3
requires help from another persons and equipment or device
51
Functional level 4
is dependent and does not participate in movement
52
BR
CBR
OOB
BRP
Bedrest
Complete Bed Rest
Out of bed
Bathroom privileges
53
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Assess _____
Assess ______
Assess_______
Assess _______
Assess Room
Assess Patient
Assess Unit or Home
Assess Bed
54
Patients with a score of _____ or more is considered at risk and prone to falls.
12
55
aat
at all times
56
Nursing process Equation
1. ______ (state the issue). r/t_______ (state the why/cause.) AMB _________(how do IK? )
57
PATIENT ORDER- SIT TO STAND LIFT.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONAL LEVEL?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
C. 3
It would be 4 if the patient couldn't do ANYTHING.
58
PASSIVE ROJM PROVIDES?
A. Increased blood
flow
B. Bone
strengthening
C. Muscle
strengthening
D. Joint mobility
D. Joint mobility
59
Performance of ADL’s and AROM exercises
can be accomplished simultaneously as
illustrated by which of the following?
Select all that apply. (think of true or false)
1. Elbow flexion with eating and
bathing
2. Elbow extension with shaving and
eating
3. Wrist hyperextension with writing
4. Thumb ROM with eating and
writing
5. Hip flexion with walking
1.
2.
4.
5.
60
1. The nurse uses professional knowledge about body mechanics to prevent the most common occupational disorder in nurses, which is:
a.
carpal tunnel syndrome from use of computer keyboards in nursing documentation.
b.
shoulder and elbow injuries from moving patients.
c.
knee injuries from standing for long periods.
d.
back injuries from lifting and twisting
ANS: D
Back injuries are the most common injury in health care workers, and in many cases, they are preventable through use of proper body mechanics.
61
3. A frail older patient is able to stand but not to ambulate. She has an order to be up in a wheelchair as desired during the day. A safe and appropriate way to assist her up to a chair is to:
a.
use a mechanical lift to transfer her from the bed to a chair.
b.
assist her to stand and pivot to a chair at right angles to the bed, using a transfer belt.
c.
have another staff member help lift her out of bed to the chair on the count of three.
d.
place a chair close to the bed and use a slide board to slide her into it.
ANS: B
A patient who can stand can safely be assisted to pivot and transfer with the use of a transfer belt. This benefits the patient (active exercise) and is safe for both the nurse and the patient.
62
Restraints limit patients rights
(as protected
by the Patients bill of Rights
63
_____________used only after all other alternatives are
tried and documented to be unsuccessful
RESTRAINT FREE PHILOSOPHY
64
The nurse is assessing the body
alignment of an alert and mobile
client. The first action that the nurse
should take is to:
A. Observe gait
B. Help the client relax
C. Determine activity
tolerance
D. Determine range of joint
motion
B. Help the client relax
65
A client has been on bed rest for a prolonged
period. Which of the following is an example of
isometric exercises the nurse would suggest to
prevent the complications of bed rest?
A. Quadriceps setting
B. Deep breathing exercises
C. Moving the arms and legs
in circles
D. Pushing against a
footboard
A. Quadriceps setting
66
Four physical FORCES that influence mobility
1. friction
2. leverage
3. gravity
4. momentum
67
Mechanical Lift guidelines ( 3)
1. unable to follow directions
2. too heavy to move on own
3. no ability to balance
68
esthesia
sensation
69
akinesia
partial loss of muscle movement
70
- What are ADLs?
1. Activities of Daily Living (coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems maintain balance, posture, and body alignment during lifting, bending, moving, perfuming tasks.)
71
__________
The force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Friction
72
_____________ exercises that cause muscle contraction and change in muscle length.
Isotonic contractions
(walking, swimming, biking)
73
Exercises that involve tightening or tensing muscles without moving body parts
Isometric contractions
(quadriceps set exercises)
74
__________Contraction of muscles while pushing against a stationary object or RESISTING the movement of the object (example: push-ups)
Resistive isometric exercises.
75
Define Joints. What are the three types of joints and what are examples of each?
An articulation, or joint, is the connection between bones.
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
76
FIBRous joints
Joints that fit closely together and are fixed.
Ex. Syndesmosis between the tibia and fibula
77
Cartilaginous joints
Have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to separate body surfaces.
Ex. Synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to costal cartilage.
78
Synovial joints
Freely moveable joints
Ex. Hinge Joint in Elbow, Knee
79
What happens when muscle tone is lost? What is the purpose of muscle tone?
As muscle tone decreases, patients are more at risk for difficulty with ADLs and may become at risk for pressure ulcers.
- The purpose of muscle tone is to help maintain functional positions such as sitting or standing without excess muscle fatigue and is maintained though continual use of muscles.
80
________________Muscles that bring about movement of a joint
_______________Muscles that contract to accomplish the same movement
___________________Muscles that are involved with joint stabilization
__________________The AWARNESS of the position of the body and its parts.
Antagonistic muscles
Synergistic muscles
Antigravity muscles
Proprioception
81
What are principles of body mechanics?
Proper alignment
Balance
Coordination
Joint Mobility
82
what factors effect mobility? (5)
Lifespan
Nutrition
Lifestyle
Stress
Environmental factors
Diseases & Abnormalities
83
If patient is using a cane, which side should the cain be on?
The stronger side. Go forward with assistive device and weaker or injured leg or side, strong leg then follows through
84
How do you assist someone to the floor
wide base of support, one leg out, let them slide down and gently slide down with them you aren't preventing it or breaking their fall
85
Pronation
is turning downward
86
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
A strain and sprain have the following differences:
A sprain is a stretch injury of a ligament that causes the ligament to tear.
A strain is an injury to muscle caused by excessive stress on the muscle.
87
What are three effects of immobility on the GI system?
immobility slows peristalsis, which often leads to constipation, gas, and difficulty evacuating stool from the rectum. In extreme circumstances, a paralytic ileus (cessation of peristalsis) may occur.
With peristalsis slowed, appetite diminishes and food that is consumed is digested slowly. The net effect is usually decreased caloric intake and inability to meet the protein demands of the body.
Body muscle is broken down as a fuel source, and further wasting occurs
88
What changes in mood might be seen with immobility?
Patients who are in bed (immobile) for long periods of time can suffer depression, anxiety, hostility, sleep disturbances, and changes in their ability to perform self-care activities, as well as disorientation and apathy.
89
What action should you take if a patient begins to fall when ambulating?
Protect the patient as you guide him to a seated or lying position.
90
in addition to proper positioning, which of the following would be an important nursing measure for a patient who is immobile?
A. Encouraging a low-calcium diet to prevent kidney stones
B. Limiting fluid intake so she does not have to use the bedpan as frequently
C. Encouraging the patient to lie still so he does not cause a blood clot to become dislodged
D. Performing a skin assessment to dependent areas at least once every shift
Answer:
D. Performing a skin assessment to dependent areas at least once every shift
Rationale:
Other responses are incorrect. A diet low in calcium will not prevent kidney stones; kidney stones develop only in susceptible people, regardless of calcium intake. Limiting the fluid intake will place the patient at risk for a urinary tract infection. Keeping extremities still will lead to increased venous pooling and risk for the development of blood clots
91
Mrs. Williams has severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and becomes very short of breath when completing her ADLs. Which of the following nursing diagnoses would most accurately reflect Mrs. Williams' mobility problem?
A. Ineffective Coping
B. Impaired Physical Mobility
C. Activity Intolerance
D. Deficient Knowledge
Answer:
C. Activity Intolerance
Rationale:
There is no data to suggest the patient is not coping or has a knowledge deficit. While she does have impaired mobility, the most accurate diagnosis is Activity Intolerance related to her poor oxygenation status.
92
A 50-year-old woman had a surgical repair of a fracture of her right tibia 2 days ago. She has been using crutches for ambulation and must remain non-weight-bearing on her right leg, but must learn to use the steps leading into her house. The nurse should instruct the woman to:
1) set the crutches aside and use the stair rail to bear weight only on the left leg when going up or down stairs.
2) use the crutches, maintaining toe-touch weight-bearing on the right leg when going up or down the stairs.
3) have someone carry her up and down the stairs.
4) lead with the left leg when going up steps, and lead with the right leg when going down steps.
Answer:
4) lead with the left leg when going up steps, and lead with the right leg when going down steps.
Rationale:
To teach the patient how to go down stairs, instruct him to hold his injured leg in front and hop down each stair on his good leg, one step at a time. When going up stairs with no handrail, he should lead with his good leg by standing close to the first step with weight on the crutches, and lift the uninjured leg, landing it solidly on the step. Then bring the crutches up to that same step, and repeat. If there is a handrail, then patient holds the crutches in one hand and handrail with the other. He then brings the good leg up one step, while the injured leg bears no weight.
93
A middle-aged man has no known medical problems, although he is overweight. He tells the nurse that he is a computer programmer and gets little exercise. The nurse suggests to the patient that a fitness program would be beneficial to control his weight and improve his overall health. The patient states "I would like to exercise but I am afraid I will have a heart attack and die if I strain my heart too much." The nurse's best response would be:
1) "It sounds like you are fearful of having a heart attack and dying. I understand why you might feel this way."
2) "There is a health history of heart attack in your family; tell me more about that."
3) "The risk of having a heart attack during strenuous exercise is low, but you still should be checked out first."
4) "The risk of having a heart attack during strenuous exercise increases in a high-risk patient such as you."
Answer:
3) "The risk of having a heart attack during strenuous exercise is low, but you still should be checked out first."
Rationale:
Exercise itself is rarely life threatening, especially when compared with the alternative (not exercising). Before starting an exercise program or significantly increasing the intensity of normal workouts, seasoned athletes as well as rank beginners should be screened for underlying health problems, such as high blood pressure, thickened heart muscle (cardiac hypertrophy), electrical abnormalities, and blood vessel abnormalities. Although showing empathy might help establish rapport and asking questions about family medical history might elicit information, neither does anything to address the patient's concern and encourage him to exercise. He is not a "high-risk" patient according to the data in this scenario and would not have a greater risk of heart attack with strenuous physical activity.
94
A patient is obese with complaints of fatigue with activity. The nurse is planning goals for this patient. Which of the following NOC outcome(s) relate(s) directly to the above nursing diagnosis; that is, which outcome(s), if achieved, would demonstrate resolution of her problem? Select all that apply.
1) Endurance
2) Activity Tolerance
3) Active Joint Movement
4) Mobility Level
Answer:
1) Endurance
2) Activity Tolerance
Rationale:
Both Endurance and Activity Tolerance, if demonstrated by this patient, would show that her problem (Activity Intolerance) is improving. Active Joint Movement and Mobility Level relate to part of the etiology of her problem, which is lack of activity. Even if she demonstrates joint movement and other mobility, this would not necessarily indicate that she is tolerating the activity well.
95
Quadricep, gluteal are _________ exercise
Isometric
96
footboard function ( does not relieve...)
prevents foot drop and outward hip roatation. DOES NOT RELIEVE HEEL PRESSURE.
97
TROCHANTER ROLLS
prevent hip rotation when patient is in supine
98
To prevent plantar flexion foot drop i would use
foot board
99
Patients with a score of _________or more are at a high risk of falls.
12
100
A patient with a sit to stand lift order has a functional level of ______
2
101
stair sequence
up with the good → down with the bad
102
Deep breathing exercises are also an example of ________ exercises the nurse would suggest for a bed rest client.
isometric
103
