Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

General definition

Answer 1

Chronic disorder of carb metabolism

Due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency or resistance

Question 2

Type 1 pathophysiology

Answer 2

Destruction/damage to beta cells
Failure to produce sufficient insulin
Glucose remains in blood
Reduced amount reaches cells

Question 3

Type 2 pathophysiology

Answer 3

Associated with insulin resistance

Usually secondary to another condition or external factors

Question 4

Type 1 aetiology (5)

Answer 4

Inherited
Environmental factors
Autoimmune
Inflammation
Secondary to another condition

Question 5

What is type 1 most commonly secondary to (2)

Answer 5

Severe pancreatitis (dogs)
Amyloidosis (cats)

Question 6

Type 2 aetiology (5)

Answer 6

Obesity
Infection 
Secondary to cushings
Chronic steroid admin
Pregnancy

Question 7

General clinical signs (7)

Answer 7

PUPD
Weight loss + increased appetite 
Glucosuria 
Dehydration
Lethargy
Chronic/recurrent infections

Question 8

Diagnosis (4)

Answer 8

Hx/cs/exam

Urinalysis

• increased SG
• DS for glucose and ketones

Blood glucose curve
Serum fructosamine

Question 9

How does ketacidosis occur and how should it be managed

Answer 9

Break down of proteins for energy
- results in ketone accumulation in circ.

Immediate IVFT

Question 10

Properties of diabetic diet and rationale

Answer 10

High fibre

- slows transit and prevents glucose spikes

Question 11

Hypoglycaemia clinical signs (5)

Answer 11

Weakness
Tremors
Ataxia 
Collapse
Coma