Diabetes Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

How does Type 1 diabetes develop?

A

Autoimmune condition in which lymphocyte infiltration of Islets of Langerhans causes insulitis, destroying B cells and compromising the ability to absorb Glc from blood.

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2
Q

Describe the aetiology of Type 1 Diabetes?

A

A combination of genetics and environmental factors.

Human leukocyte Antigens (HLA) + chemicals or viral infection

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3
Q

Describe the aetiology of Type 2 Diabetes?

A

A combination of insulin resistance due to visceral fat and genetic inability to secrete high levels of insulin

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4
Q

What causes insulin resistance in Type 2?

A

Visceral fat mass

  • > Free FAs in the blood
  • > FAs clog Insulin receptors
  • > Reduced insulin sensitivity
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5
Q

Explain the genetic aspect of Type 2 diabetes?

A

Most peoples genes are capable of upscaling insulin production to match insulin resistance.

In some people a number of genes are ‘defective variants’ which code for Poor B cell ‘high end’ insulin secretion.

Essentially they can’t produce enough insulin to match the new insulin resistance

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6
Q

If visceral fat triggers Type 2 diabetes, how come some slim people get it?

A

They’re genes are so poor for insulin production that even a small amount of fat triggers diabetes

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7
Q

Explain the aetiology of MODY?

A

Autosomal dominant genetic syndrome.
A single gene leads to impaired B-cell function.
Either Glucokinase or Transcription Factor mutations.

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8
Q

What can cause secondary DM?

A
  • Drugs e.g. CCS
  • Pancreatic Destruction/removal
  • Genetic syndromes
  • Endocrine disorders e.g. cushings, acromegaly or pheochromocytoma
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9
Q

What is the aetiology of Gestational diabetes?

A

Insulin resistance brought on by 2nd/3rd trimester of pregnancy.

Its associated with a family history of Type 2 DM

Patient’s are commonly overweight and inactive

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