Diagnostic Tests in Nephrology Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the best initial tests in Nephrology?
Ua, BUN and Cr
What does a Urinalysis measure?
Protein, WBCs, RBCs, Specific gravity and pH, Nitrites
What proteins do tubules normally secrete?
Tamm-Horsfall protein
How much protein in urine is normal?
<150mg per 24 hours
What are the methods used to assess the total protein excreted in urine in a day?
Single protein-to-creatinine ratio
24 hour urine collection
What is the conversion of P:Cr ratio to protein in grams?
P:Cr of 1 = 1g of protein in 24 hours
What is Microalbuminuria?
the presence of tiny amounts of protein that are too small to detect on UA
What albumin value on spot urine is normal?
<30mg
What is the best initial therapy for any degree of proteinuria in a patient with Diabetes?
ACE-I or ARB
What do WBC indicate?
Inflammation, infection or allergic interstitial nephritis
What do Neutrophils indicate?
Infection
What do Eosinophils indicate?
Allergic or acute interstitial nephritis
How many RBC are seen on normal Urinalysis?
<5RBC per high power field
What is hematuria indicative of?
Stones
Hematologic disorders
Infection
Cancer
Treatments
Trauma
Glomerulonephritis
What commonly causes false (+) tests for hematuria on dipstick?
Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
What commonly causes a false (-) test for hematuria on dipstick?
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
What is the best initial test of the bladder?
Microscopic examination of the urine
What is the most accurate test of the bladder?
Cystoscopy
What are RBC Casts associated with?
Glomerulonephritis
What are WBC Casts associated with?
Pyelonephritis
What are Eosinophil Casts associated with?
Acute (allergic) interstitial Nephritis
What are Hyaline Casts associated with?
Dehydration concentrates the urine and normal Tamm-horsfall protein precipitates or concentrates into a cast
What are broady, waxy Casts associated with?
Chronic Renal Disease
What are Granular, Muddy-brown casts associated with?
Acute tubular necrosis: collections of dead tubular cells
