Nephrolithiasis Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the most common cause of Kidney stones?
Calcium Oxalate
What type of Calcium stones form more frequently in alkaline urine?
Calcium Phosphate
What is the most common risk factor for kidney stones?
Overexcretion of Ca in the urine and fat malabsorption
How can you detect Kidney Stones?
CT and US
What is the most accurate method of detecting kidney stones?
CT without contrast
What is the best initial treatment for stones?
Analgesics and hydration
What size stones typically pass spontaneously?
<5mm
What size stones do you give medication to help them pass?
5-7mm
What medications do you give to help stones pass?
Nifedipine and Tamsulosin
How do you treat Cystine Stones?
Surgical removal and alkalinizing the urine
What type of stones are commonly seen with UTI?
Struvite stones (Mg-ammonium-phosphat)
How are struvite stones managed?
Surgical removal
How can you detect Uric acid stones?
CT: not visible on x-ray
How do you manage stones 0.5-2.0cm?
Lithotripsy
What drug is commonly used for long-term management of Nephrolithiasis?
Hydrochlorothiazide: removes Ca from urine by increasing distal tubule resorption
How does Metabolic Acidosis Favor stone formation?
Removes Ca from Bones
Decreases Citrate: normally citrate binds Ca to decrease stones
